How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation (JOTR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rankin CH. Neuroscience. A bite to remember. Science 2002;296(5573):1624–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stark J., Hardy K. Mathematics. Chaos: useful at last? Science 2003;301(5637):1192–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Armitage JJ., Collier JS., Minshull TA. The importance of rift history for volcanic margin formation. Nature 2010;465(7300):913–7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li S., Ding X., Ren J., et al. Strain-controlled thermal conductivity in ferroic twinned films. Sci Rep 2014;4:6375.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lacava A., Bogucki J., Bedrytski A., et al. Professional Scala. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Raposio E. Atlas of Endoscopic Plastic Surgery. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Hense BA., Kuttler C., Müller J. Functionality of Autoinducer Systems in Complex Environments. In: Hagen SJ, editor. The Physical Basis of Bacterial Quorum Communication. New York, NY: Springer; 2015. p. 83–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

Carpineti C. Hundreds of Nuclear Test Clips Have Been Declassified, And The Footage Is Both Awe-Inspiring And Terrifying. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Customs Automation: Duties and Other Collections Vulnerable to Fraud and Abuse. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia R. The California State University education doctorate: Public policy for the public good. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Mets’ Big Five Are Starting Healthy. New York Times 2017:B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Trauma Rehabil.
ISSN (print)	2210-4917
ISSN (online)	2210-4925
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation