How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marshall CR (2015) ECOLOGY/PALEONTOLOGY. How stable are food webs during a mass extinction? Science 350:38–39

A journal article with 2 authors

Lescai F, Quarta M (2003) Young scientist: Italian biotechnologists organize. Nature 425:644

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee H, Cheng Y-C, Fleming GR (2007) Coherence dynamics in photosynthesis: protein protection of excitonic coherence. Science 316:1462–1465

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li H, Yang B, Xing K, et al (2014) A preliminary study of the relationship between breast cancer metastasis and loss of heterozygosity by using exome sequencing. Sci Rep 4:5460

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smilansky S (2007) 10 Moral Paradoxes. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Varon J (2014) Acute and Critical Care Formulas and Laboratory Values. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Kress B (2009) Neurolues. In: Hähnel S (ed) Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 71–74

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Researchers grow human kidney using stem cells. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-grow-human-kidney-using-stem-cells/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Insights Into CETA’s In-School Youth Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson AS (2017) Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure of Direct Laser Deposited Inconel 718 Alloy. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) Sam Shepard, Whose Plays Forged a New Frontier, Dies at 73. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1590-9921
ISSN (online)	1590-9999
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery