How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schimmel P (2015) Alexander Rich (1924-2015). Nature 521:291

A journal article with 2 authors

Cuffey KM, Vimeux F (2001) Covariation of carbon dioxide and temperature from the Vostok ice core after deuterium-excess correction. Nature 412:523–527

A journal article with 3 authors

Goossen LJ, Deng G, Levy LM (2006) Synthesis of biaryls via catalytic decarboxylative coupling. Science 313:662–664

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Barber DL, Wherry EJ, Masopust D, et al (2006) Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection. Nature 439:682–687

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee (2002) Centrifugal Pumps (Newtonian Liquids). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Veltman A (2016) Fundamentals of Electrical Drives, 2nd ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Bachrach DG, Ogilvie J, Rapp A, Calamusa J (2016) In-Store Wi-Fi: Engaging Showroomers on Their Terms. In: Ogilvie J, Rapp A, Calamusa J (eds) More Than a Showroom: Strategies for Winning Back Online Shoppers. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp 75–92

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Optical Illusion Zebra Crossings Are Appearing In India. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/optical-illusion-zebra-crossings-are-appearing-india/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Small Business Research Programs: More Guidance and Oversight Needed to Comply with Spending and Reporting Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hayes MG (2010) A qualitative case study of cultural competency among Advanced Placement teachers in Florida. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2016) Making, and Musing On, an Existential Classic. New York Times C22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1590-9921
ISSN (online)	1590-9999
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery