How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alberts B (2007) Obituary: Daniel Koshland (1920-2007). Nature 448:882

A journal article with 2 authors

Macpherson AJ, Uhr T (2004) Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria. Science 303:1662–1665

A journal article with 3 authors

Chuang JS, Rivoire O, Leibler S (2009) Simpson’s paradox in a synthetic microbial system. Science 323:272–275

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Venken KJT, He Y, Hoskins RA, Bellen HJ (2006) P[acman]: a BAC transgenic platform for targeted insertion of large DNA fragments in D. melanogaster. Science 314:1747–1751

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holzer SM (2015) Statische Beurteilung Historischer Tragwerke. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Grothaus M (2010) Taking Your iPod touch to the Max, Second Edition. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Amir S, Siddiqui AA, Ahmed N, et al (2014) Design and Implementation of a Pressure Sensor on Proteus. In: Shaikh FK, Chowdhry BS, Zeadally S, et al (eds) Communication Technologies, Information Security and Sustainable Development: Third International Multi-topic Conference, IMTIC 2013, Jamshoro, Pakistan, December 18--20, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 46–55

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Andrew D (2017) Science Says Couples In Lasting Relationships Typically wait This Long To Start Having Sex. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/science-says-couples-in-lasting-relationships-typically-wait-this-long-to-start-having-sex/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) National Assessment Technical Quality. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Turney JJ (2014) Police supervisory attributes that influence attitude towards Critical Incident Stress Management programs. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2017) Gallery of Horrors. New York Times BR4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1590-9921
ISSN (online)	1590-9999
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery