How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Edgerton D (2008) The charge of technology. Nature 455:1030–1031

A journal article with 2 authors

Wentz FJ, Schabel M (2000) Precise climate monitoring using complementary satellite data sets. Nature 403:414–416

A journal article with 3 authors

Griffin DM, Hoffman DS, Strick PL (2015) Corticomotoneuronal cells are “functionally tuned.” Science 350:667–670

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Farber SA, Pack M, Ho SY, et al (2001) Genetic analysis of digestive physiology using fluorescent phospholipid reporters. Science 292:1385–1388

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tjong SC (2012) Polymer Composites with Carbonaceous Nanofillers. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Mason C, Rawlings-Sanaei F (2014) Academic Migration, Discipline Knowledge and Pedagogical Practice: Voices from the Asia-Pacific. Springer, Singapore

A chapter in an edited book

Chaouachi M, Jraidi I, Frasson C (2015) MENTOR: A Physiologically Controlled Tutoring System. In: Ricci F, Bontcheva K, Conlan O, Lawless S (eds) User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization: 23rd International Conference, UMAP 2015, Dublin, Ireland, June 29 -- July 3, 2015. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 56–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2017) Spanish Start-Up To Build The First European Reusable Rocket. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) 1998 NASA Budget: Review of Selected Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Taylor WA (2010) Every citizen a soldier: The U.S. Army’s campaign for universal military training following World War II. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) Whistling a Happy Tune in a Perverse Universe. New York Times C7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1590-9921
ISSN (online)	1590-9999
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery