How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Johnson TE. Cell biology. Rapid aging rescue? Science. 2013;340:1299–300.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Stevens RC, Wilson IA. Tech.Sight. Industrializing structural biology. Science. 2001;293:519–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Xiang C, Chan C-K, Wang J. Proposal and numerical study of ultra-compact active hybrid plasmonic resonator for sub-wavelength lasing applications. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3720.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhang J, Hupfeld CJ, Taylor SS, Olefsky JM, Tsien RY. Insulin disrupts beta-adrenergic signalling to protein kinase A in adipocytes. Nature. 2005;437:569–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Gage LJ. Hand-Rearing Wild and Domestic Mammals. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Lomuscio AR, Nepal S, Patrizi F, Benatallah B, Brandić I, editors. Service-Oriented Computing – ICSOC 2013 Workshops: CCSA, CSB, PASCEB, SWESE, WESOA, and PhD Symposium, Berlin, Germany, December 2-5, 2013. Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Zäpfel G, Braune R, Bögl M. Metaheuristics Based on Solution Construction. In: Braune R, Bögl M, editors. Metaheuristic Search Concepts: A Tutorial with Applications to Production and Logistics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 75–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Read Roald Dahl’s Heartbreaking Letter Urging Parents To Vaccinate [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/read-roald-dahls-heartbreaking-letter-urging-parents-vaccinate/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. [Comments on Claim for Excess Valuation Charge]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Jun. Report No.: B-254831.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Subbarao S. An 8-PSK super regenerative receiver: Design and simulation [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Weil E. A Hole in the Heart. New York Times. 2015 Jul 23;MM42.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Surg. Res.
ISSN (online)	1749-799X
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery