How to format your references using the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M.M. Harnett, Immunology. B cells spread and gather, Science 312 (2006) 709–710.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

T. Sabel, M. Zschocher, Transition of refractive index contrast in course of grating growth, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2552.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D.P. Mersch, A. Crespi, L. Keller, Tracking individuals shows spatial fidelity is a key regulator of ant social organization, Science 340 (2013) 1090–1093.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Fernandez, K.T. Yang, K.M. Cornwell, J.D. Wright, R.A. Wilson, Growth in rice cells requires de novo purine biosynthesis by the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2398.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.C. Woods, Theory of Tokamak Transport, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

T. Proulx, ed., MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Springer, New York, NY, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P. Ostalczyk, Linearization of the Non-linear Time-Variant Fractional-Order Difference Equation, in: S. Domek, P. Dworak (Eds.), Theoretical Developments and Applications of Non-Integer Order Systems: 7th Conference on Non-Integer Order Calculus and Its Applications, Szczecin, Poland, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 41–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Caterpillar uses toxic breath as a defense mechanism, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/caterpillar-uses-toxic-breath-defense-mechanism/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aircraft Maintenance: Additional FAA Oversight Needed of Aging Aircraft Repairs (Vol. II), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.T. Belcher, Optimism, psychological well-being, and quality of life in females with Fibromyalgia Syndrome, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Wagner, Bedeviled by an Elbow, but Blessed With Arms, New York Times (2017) D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1591
Scope