How to format your references using the Journal of Neurotrauma citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurotrauma. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2005). Bricks and mortar. Scottish Structural Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, UK. Nature 433, 666.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hollien, J., and Weissman, J.S. (2006). Decay of endoplasmic reticulum-localized mRNAs during the unfolded protein response. Science 313, 104–107.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rabitz, H.A., Hsieh, M.M., and Rosenthal, C.M. (2004). Quantum optimally controlled transition landscapes. Science 303, 1998–2001.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Yamazaki, Y., Hirai, Y., Miyake, K., and Shimada, T. (2014). Targeted gene transfer into ependymal cells through intraventricular injection of AAV1 vector and long-term enzyme replacement via the CSF. Sci. Rep. 4, 5506.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paterson, J.C. (2015). Lean Auditing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Turksen, K. (ed). (2013). Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions. New York, NY: Springer, IX, 373 p. 23 illus., 21 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Starov, O., Vilkomir, S., Gorbenko, A., and Kharchenko, V. (2015). Testing-as-a-Service for Mobile Applications: State-of-the-Art Survey., in: Zamojski, W., and Sugier, J. (eds). Dependability Problems of Complex Information Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pps. 55–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurotrauma.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). Veritasium Ventures To Some Of The Most Radioactive Places on Earth. IFLScience [cited 2018 Oct 30 ] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/most-radioactive-places-earth/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2017). Department of Transportation: Experts Identified Areas for Operational Improvements without Implementing Organizational Changes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen, J. (2012). Adherence to medications among Vietnamese Americans 65 years of age and older.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. (2017). ‘Walking Dead’ Producers Sue Its Network. New York Times , B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurotrauma
Abbreviation	J. Neurotrauma
ISSN (print)	0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
Scope	Clinical Neurology

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