How to format your references using the Journal of Neurotrauma citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurotrauma. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clutton-Brock, T. (2002). Breeding together: kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates. Science 296, 69–72.

A journal article with 2 authors

Norton, D.A., and Didham, R.K. (2007). Comment on “Why are there so many species of herbivorous insects in tropical rainforests?” Science 315, 1666; author reply 1666.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lake, B.M., Salakhutdinov, R., and Tenenbaum, J.B. (2015). Human-level concept learning through probabilistic program induction. Science 350, 1332–1338.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Blanford, S., Chan, B.H.K., Jenkins, N., Sim, D., Turner, R.J., Read, A.F., and Thomas, M.B. (2005). Fungal pathogen reduces potential for malaria transmission. Science 308, 1638–1641.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bower, J.A. (2013). Statistical Methods for Food Science. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Swanson, D.A. (2011). Estimating Characteristics of the Foreign-Born by Legal Status: An Evaluation of Data and Methods. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, IV, 70 p. 2 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Portela, A. (2013). Identity, Inclusion and Leadership., in: Ottesen, E., and Precey, R. (eds). Leadership for Inclusive Education: Values, Vision and Voices. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, pps. 35–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurotrauma.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016). Bats Cock Their Heads In An Adorable Way To Help Them Hunt Better. IFLScience [cited 2018 Oct 30 ] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bats-cock-their-heads-in-an-adorable-way-to-help-them-hunt-better/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). The Army’s Battery Computer System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dodge, T. (2009). The effects of interactivity and visual realism on children’s cognitive empathy toward narrative characters.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson, G. (2014). The Intelligent-Life Lottery. New York Times , D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurotrauma
Abbreviation	J. Neurotrauma
ISSN (print)	0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
Scope	Clinical Neurology