How to format your references using the Journal of Neurotrauma citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurotrauma. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gomory, R. (2010). Benoît Mandelbrot (1924-2010). Nature 468, 378.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pack, C.C., and Born, R.T. (2001). Temporal dynamics of a neural solution to the aperture problem in visual area MT of macaque brain. Nature 409, 1040–1042.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saito, C., Shinzawa, K., and Tsujimoto, Y. (2014). Synchronized necrotic death of attached hepatocytes mediated via gap junctions. Sci. Rep. 4, 5169.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Beebe, K., Mock, M., Merriman, E., and Schimmel, P. (2008). Distinct domains of tRNA synthetase recognize the same base pair. Nature 451, 90–93.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Solomon, R. (2016). The Art of Client Service. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Silverstein, J.H., Rooke, G.A., Reves, J.G., and McLeskey, C.H. (eds). (2008). Geriatric Anesthesiology, Second Edition. New York, NY: Springer, XVI, 440p. 141 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Roth, W.-M., and Radford, L. (2011). Developmental Possibilities in/from Activity., in: Roth, W.-M., and Radford, L. (eds). A Cultural-Historical Perspective on Mathematics Teaching and Learning. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, pps. 69–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurotrauma.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016). Platypus Venom Could Spur Diabetes Treatment. IFLScience [cited 2018 Oct 30 ] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/platypus-venom-could-spur-diabetes-treatment/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Public Transportation: Multiple Factors Influence Extent of Transit-Oriented Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watkins, J.J. (2017). Victor Echo Tango (VET) Support Services Inc.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K. (2004). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Head Of Exile Church In First Visit. New York Times , A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurotrauma
Abbreviation	J. Neurotrauma
ISSN (print)	0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
Scope	Clinical Neurology