How to format your references using the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hipps KW. Molecular electronics. It’s all about contacts. Science 2001;294:536–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dennell R, Roebroeks W. An Asian perspective on early human dispersal from Africa. Nature 2005;438:1099–104.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meyron-Holtz EG, Ghosh MC, Rouault TA. Mammalian tissue oxygen levels modulate iron-regulatory protein activities in vivo. Science 2004;306:2087–90.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang Z, Liu CT, Miller MK, et al. A nanoscale co-precipitation approach for property enhancement of Fe-base alloys. Sci Rep 2013;3:1327.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Köhler M. Nanotechnologie. Weinheim, FRG: : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2005.

An edited book

Reddy ASN, Golovkin M, editors. Nuclear pre-mRNA Processing in Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: : Springer 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Krasińska M, Krasiński ZA. Aspects of the Genetics of European Bison. In: Krasiński ZA, ed. European Bison: The Nature Monograph. Berlin, Heidelberg: : Springer 2013. 35–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry.

Blog post

Hale T. This Number Is Illegal To Possess Or Distribute In The USA. IFLScience. 2016.https://www.iflscience.com/technology/possessing-and-distributing-particular-number-illegal/ (accessed 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. D.C. Nonappropriated Revenue. Washington, DC: : U.S. Government Printing Office 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dalton R. The story of Huo Yuanjia and the narrative of national humiliation in post-Mao China. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Herszenhorn DM. A Year After Seizing Crimea, Putin Celebrates as Ukraine Seethes. New York Times. 2015;:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
Abbreviation	J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
ISSN (print)	0022-3050
ISSN (online)	1468-330X
Scope	Clinical Neurology Psychiatry and Mental health Surgery

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