How to format your references using the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vespignani A. Predicting the behavior of techno-social systems. Science. 2009;325:425–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sablowski R, Harberd NP. Plant sciences. Plant genes on steroids. Science. 2005;307:1569–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kleckner N, Zickler D, Witz G. Molecular biology. Chromosome capture brings it all together. Science. 2013;342:940–1.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang H, Li Q, Fan J, et al. The BRCA2 homologue Brh2 nucleates RAD51 filament formation at a dsDNA-ssDNA junction. Nature. 2005;433:653–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous A. Fracture Mechanics 3. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.

An edited book

Schuetze O, Coello Coello CA, Tantar A-A, et al., editors. EVOLVE - A Bridge between Probability, Set Oriented Numerics, and Evolutionary Computation III. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Jamieson AM, Farlik M, Decker T. How Stats Interact with the Molecular Machinery of Transcriptional Activation. In: Decker T, Müller M, eds. Jak-Stat Signaling : From Basics to Disease. Vienna: Springer 2012:65–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry.

Blog post

Davis J. Humanity Has Already Used An Entire Earth’s Worth Of Resources This Year. IFLScience. 2015. (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Embedded Computer Systems: Software Development Problems Delay the Army’s Fire Direction Data Manager. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Newcomb S. Reliability of the CVI range: A functional vision assessment for children with cortical visual impairment. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L. Bring On The Wind And Water. New York Times. 2013;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
Abbreviation	J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
ISSN (print)	0022-3050
ISSN (online)	1468-330X
Scope	Clinical Neurology Psychiatry and Mental health Surgery