How to format your references using the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon D. Microarray technology: an array of opportunities. Nature. 2002;416:885–91.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stevens MM, George JH. Exploring and engineering the cell surface interface. Science. 2005;310:1135–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Geary C, Rothemund PWK, Andersen ES. RNA nanostructures. A single-stranded architecture for cotranscriptional folding of RNA nanostructures. Science. 2014;345:799–804.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lilliu S, Maragliano C, Hampton M, et al. EFM data mapped into 2D images of tip-sample contact potential difference and capacitance second derivative. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3352.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Voigtman E. Limits of Detection in Chemical Analysis. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2017.

An edited book

Zhang L, Song X, Wu Y, editors. Theory, Methodology, Tools and Applications for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems: 16th Asia Simulation Conference and SCS Autumn Simulation Multi-Conference, AsiaSim/SCS AutumnSim 2016, Beijing, China, October 8-11, 2016, Proceedings, Part III. Singapore: Springer 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Stoilov T, Stoilova K. Portfolio Risk Management Modelling by Bi-level Optimization. In: Lu J, Jain LC, Zhang G, eds. Handbook on Decision Making: Vol 2: Risk Management in Decision Making. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2012:91–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry.

Blog post

Luntz S. Early Autism Diagnosis Bears Fruit. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/early-autism-diagnosis-bears-fruit/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Exploration: Power Sources for Deep Space Probes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reich JC. An iterative feature perturbation method for gene selection from microarray data. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. ‘Cowboy Stuntman’ Was an Olympic Medalist, Too. New York Times. 2013;A21B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
Abbreviation	J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
ISSN (print)	0022-3050
ISSN (online)	1468-330X
Scope	Clinical Neurology Psychiatry and Mental health Surgery