How to format your references using the Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Cess RD. Atmospheric science. Water vapor feedback in climate models. Science. 2005;310:795–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Guzman J, Stern S. Innovation economics. Where is Silicon Valley? Science. 2015;347:606–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Semenov V, Dyadechkin S, Punsly B. Simulations of jets driven by black hole rotation. Science. 2004;305:978–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Giasson BI, Forman MS, Higuchi M, Golbe LI, Graves CL, Kotzbauer PT, et al. Initiation and synergistic fibrillization of tau and alpha-synuclein. Science. 2003;300:636–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kunz RG. Environmental Calculations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

1. Fiandaca G, editor. Women and the Mafia. New York, NY: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Werth G, Gheorghe VN, Major FG. Microwave Spectroscopy. In: Gheorghe VN, Major FG, editors. Charged Particle Traps II: Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 85–128.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. What’s The Healthiest Position To Sleep In? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Drug Control: Status Report on Counterdrug Technology Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Jan. Report No.: NSIAD-93-104.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Moore BA. The Writing Machine [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. An Alluring Summer Song, Echoed Through Eight World Cups. New York Times. 2014 May 10;SP11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine
Abbreviation	J. Negat. Results Biomed.
ISSN (online)	1477-5751
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics