How to format your references using the Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Vespignani A. Predicting the behavior of techno-social systems. Science. 2009;325:425–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Junge W, Müller DJ. Biochemistry. Seeing a molecular motor at work. Science. 2011;333:704–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Raebiger H, Lany S, Zunger A. Charge self-regulation upon changing the oxidation state of transition metals in insulators. Nature. 2008;453:763–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhou Y, Castonguay P, Sidhom E-H, Clark AR, Dvela-Levitt M, Kim S, et al. A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models. Science. 2017;358:1332–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Stoican F, Olaru S. Set-theoretic Fault-tolerant Control in Multisensor Systems. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Wolf MP. The Normative and the Natural. Koons JR, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rahman H, Barua S, Ahmed MU, Begum S, Hök B. A Case-Based Classification for Drivers’ Alcohol Detection Using Physiological Signals. In: Ahmed MU, Begum S, Raad W, editors. Internet of Things Technologies for HealthCare: Third International Conference, HealthyIoT 2016, Västerås, Sweden, October 18-19, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 22–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Solar Technology Could Make Underground Parks In Cramped Cities Possible. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Food Assistance: Computerized Information Matching Could Reduce Fraud and Abuse in the Food Stamp Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Aug. Report No.: T-RCED-98-254.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Anaya S. Animo clinician training program for detection and treatment of depression during pregnancy and postpartum depression in low income Latina women a grant proposal project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shear MD, Davenport C. World Awaits President’s Decision on U.S. Future in Paris Accord. New York Times. 2017 May 31;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine
Abbreviation	J. Negat. Results Biomed.
ISSN (online)	1477-5751
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics