How to format your references using the Journal of Morphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Morphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tromans, A. (2000). Plant biology. Volatile defence. Nature, 408, 785.

A journal article with 2 authors

Outeiro, T. F., & Lindquist, S. (2003). Yeast cells provide insight into alpha-synuclein biology and pathobiology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302, 1772–1775.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ragazzoni, R., Marchetti, E., & Valente, G. (2000). Adaptive-optics corrections available for the whole sky. Nature, 403, 54–56.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Huang, T., Gao, B., Hu, X.-K., Lu, X., Well, R., Christie, P., … Ju, X.-T. (2014). Ammonia-oxidation as an engine to generate nitrous oxide in an intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. Scientific Reports, 4, 3950.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ancheyta, J. (2016). Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ginat, D. T., & Freitag, S. K. (Eds.). (2015). Post-treatment Imaging of the Orbit. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Johansen, P. H., Løberg, M., & Piene, R. (2008). Monoid Hypersurfaces. In B. Jüttler & R. Piene (Eds.), Geometric Modeling and Algebraic Geometry (pp. 55–77). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Morphology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 27). The Riddle Behind Zebra Stripes.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). FAA Systems: Serious Challenges Remain in Resolving Year 2000 and Computer Security Problems (No. T-AIMD-98-251). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung, J. (2015). Quasi-one-dimensional modeling of an adiabatic-compression preheated Ludwieg tube (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kolomatsky, M. (2017, September 14). Detroit Home Market Warms Up. New York Times, p. RE2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tromans, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Outeiro & Lindquist, 2003; Tromans, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Outeiro & Lindquist, 2003)
Three authors: (Ragazzoni, Marchetti, & Valente, 2000)
6 or more authors: (Huang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Morphology
Abbreviation	J. Morphol.
ISSN (print)	0362-2525
ISSN (online)	1097-4687
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Developmental Biology