How to format your references using the Journal of Morphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Morphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McCoy, S. W. (2015). GEOMORPHOLOGY. Landscapes in the lab. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349, 32–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pruszynski, J. A., & Diedrichsen, J. (2015). Neuroscience. Reading the mind to move the body. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348, 860–861.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cardinale, B. J., Palmer, M. A., & Collins, S. L. (2002). Species diversity enhances ecosystem functioning through interspecific facilitation. Nature, 415, 426–429.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Scannell, D. R., Byrne, K. P., Gordon, J. L., Wong, S., & Wolfe, K. H. (2006). Multiple rounds of speciation associated with reciprocal gene loss in polyploid yeasts. Nature, 440, 341–345.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kobilinsky, L., Liotti, T. F., & Oeser-Sweat, J. (2004). DNA: Forensic and Legal Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ochsner, M., Hug, S. E., & Daniel, H.-D. (Eds.). (2016). Research Assessment in the Humanities: Towards Criteria and Procedures. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Alonso-Sanz, R. (2013). Elementary Cellular Automata with Memory of Delay Type. In J. Kari, M. Kutrib, & A. Malcher (Eds.), Cellular Automata and Discrete Complex Systems: 19th International Workshop, AUTOMATA 2013, Gießen, Germany, September 17-19, 2013. Proceedings (pp. 67–83). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Morphology.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, November 28). How The Brightest Supernovae Become Superluminous.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Higher Education: Restructuring Student Aid Could Reduce Low-Income Student Dropout Rate (No. HEHS-95-48). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McPeek, S. E. (2017). Religious Rhetoric and the Radio: The Sermons of Rev. Dr. Oswald C.J. Hoffmann, International Lutheran Hour Speaker, 1955-1985 (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2002, January 27). Fight Heats Up Again Over Grassy Bed of Rails. New York Times, p. 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McCoy, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (McCoy, 2015; Pruszynski & Diedrichsen, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pruszynski & Diedrichsen, 2015)
Three authors: (Cardinale, Palmer, & Collins, 2002)
6 or more authors: (Scannell, Byrne, Gordon, Wong, & Wolfe, 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Morphology
Abbreviation	J. Morphol.
ISSN (print)	0362-2525
ISSN (online)	1097-4687
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Developmental Biology