How to format your references using the Journal of Morphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Morphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Noonan, J. (2010). Journal club. An evolutionary geneticist looks at how small genetic changes can have big evolutionary effects. Nature, 465, 13.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nussenzveig, P., & Barata, J. C. A. (2010). Physics. A drop of quantum matter. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328, 1491–1492.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chalancon, G., Kruse, K., & Babu, M. M. (2012). Cell biology. Reconfiguring regulation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335, 1050–1051.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hebting, Y., Schaeffer, P., Behrens, A., Adam, P., Schmitt, G., Schneckenburger, P., … Albrecht, P. (2006). Biomarker evidence for a major preservation pathway of sedimentary organic carbon. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312, 1627–1631.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tatham, M., & Morton, K. (2006). Developments in Speech Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Karasulu, B. (2013). Performance Evaluation Software: Moving Object Detection and Tracking in Videos (S. Korukoglu, Ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Trevisan, L. (2011). Dense Model Theorems and Their Applications. In Y. Ishai (Ed.), Theory of Cryptography: 8th Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2011, Providence, RI, USA, March 28-30, 2011. Proceedings (pp. 55–57). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Morphology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, September 2). New Species of Extinct River Dolphin Discovered in Panama.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). National Airspace System: Setting On-Time Performance Targets at Congested Airports Could Help Focus FAA’s Actions (No. GAO-10-542). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alimo, C. J. (2010). From dialogue to action: The development of White racial allies (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Meier, J. S. (2013, March 6). Home Is Where the Harm Is. New York Times, p. A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Noonan, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Noonan, 2010; Nussenzveig & Barata, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nussenzveig & Barata, 2010)
Three authors: (Chalancon, Kruse, & Babu, 2012)
6 or more authors: (Hebting et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Morphology
Abbreviation	J. Morphol.
ISSN (print)	0362-2525
ISSN (online)	1097-4687
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Developmental Biology