How to format your references using the Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deweerdt S. Comparative biology: Naked ambition. Nature. 2014 May 29;509(7502):S60-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Turelli P, Trono D. Editing at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immunity. Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1061–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nudleman E, Wall D, Kaiser D. Cell-to-cell transfer of bacterial outer membrane lipoproteins. Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):125–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Corradini D, Strekalova EG, Stanley HE, Gallo P. Microscopic mechanism of protein cryopreservation in an aqueous solution with trehalose. Sci Rep. 2013 Feb 6;3:1218.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tobias J, Hochhauser D. Cancer and its Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Siddik ZH, editor. Checkpoint Controls and Targets in Cancer Therapy. 1st ed. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2009. XIV, 274 p. 43 illus., 13 illus. in color. (Cancer Drug Discovery and Development).

A chapter in an edited book

Abler G, Ehlting M. Smart shopping in the European low cost flight market. In: Conrady R, Buck M, editors. Trends and Issues in Global Tourism 2007. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 41–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Chemical Messengers: How Hormones Affect Our Mood. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/chemical-messengers-how-hormones-affect-our-mood/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Protest of Nonresponsive Determination. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Dec. Report No.: B-178747.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morgan AJ. Analyzing Red and Gray Stages of Bark Beetle Attack in the San Bernardino National Forest Using Remote Sensing [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Cespedes Powers the Mets Again. New York Times. 2016 Aug 22;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection
Abbreviation	J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect.
ISSN (print)	1684-1182
ISSN (online)	1995-9133
Scope	General Immunology and Microbiology General Medicine Immunology and Allergy Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)