How to format your references using the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clarke T : Penicillin paper restores Fleming’s healthy reputation. Nature 419 : 867, 2002

A journal article with 2 authors

Mahadevan L, Rica S : Self-organized origami. Science 307 : 1740, 2005

A journal article with 3 authors

Bates ME, Simmons JA, Zorikov TV : Bats use echo harmonic structure to distinguish their targets from background clutter. Science 333 : 627–630, 2011

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schulman BA, Carrano AC, Jeffrey PD, Bowen Z, Kinnucan ER, Finnin MS, et al. : Insights into SCF ubiquitin ligases from the structure of the Skp1-Skp2 complex. Nature 408 : 381–386, 2000

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ramamoorti S, Morrison DE III, Koletar JW, Pope KR : A.B.C.’s of Behavioral Forensics. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013

An edited book

Sherman CH : Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound. New York, NY : Springer, 2007

A chapter in an edited book

Kantor S, Albahrani MJ, Prakash S : Nutrition in Neuro-ICU. in Wartenberg KE, Shukri K, Abdelhak T (eds) : Neurointensive Care: A Clinical Guide to Patient Safety, Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015: pp57–71

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.

Blog post

Andrew E : Science Or Snake Oil: Can A Detox Actually Cleanse Your Liver? IFLScience 2016

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office : Environmental Satellites: NOAA Needs to Ensure Its Timelines Are Accurate, Clear, and Fully Documented. 2016

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith JA : Functional analysis of ESAT-6 and EspB, two virulence proteins secreted by the ESX-1 system in Mycobacterium marinum. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L : Firefighters Museum Plans to Expand Again. New York Times LI11, 2008

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ²⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^2,4).
This sentence cites four references ^4–6,8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
Abbreviation	J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc.
ISSN (print)	2005-3711
ISSN (online)	1598-7876
Scope	Clinical Neurology Surgery General Neuroscience