How to format your references using the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pelkmans L : Cell Biology. Using cell-to-cell variability--a new era in molecular biology. Science 336 : 425–426, 2012

A journal article with 2 authors

Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT : Immunology. The shape of things to come. Science 316 : 1574–1576, 2007

A journal article with 3 authors

Ekström G, Nettles M, Tsai VC : Seasonality and increasing frequency of Greenland glacial earthquakes. Science 311 : 1756–1758, 2006

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mellman DL, Gonzales ML, Song C, Barlow CA, Wang P, Kendziorski C, et al. : A PtdIns4,5P2-regulated nuclear poly(A) polymerase controls expression of select mRNAs. Nature 451 : 1013–1017, 2008

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pakurar AS, Bigbee JW : Digital Histology. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005

An edited book

Baloian N, Burstein F, Ogata H, Santoro F, Zurita G (Eds.) : Collaboration and Technology: 20th International Conference, CRIWG 2014, Santiago, Chile, September 7-10, 2014. Proceedings. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014

A chapter in an edited book

Yalçındağ S, Matta A, Şahin E, Shanthikumar JG : A Two-Stage Approach for Solving Assignment and Routing Problems in Home Health Care Services. in Matta A, Li J, Sahin E, Lanzarone E, Fowler J (eds) : Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Care Systems Engineering, Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014: pp47–59

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.

Blog post

Andrew D : Why A Lack Of Sleep Makes Us Depressed … And What We Can Do About It. IFLScience 2016

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office : Surface Transportation: DOT Is Progressing toward a Performance-Based Approach, but States and Grantees Report Potential Implementation Challenges. 2015

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watson YM : Federal Managers’ Use of Evidence (Performance Measurement Data and Evaluation Results): Are We There Yet? Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University. 2019

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kovaleski SF, Coscarelli J : Is Britney Ready to Stand Alone? New York Times AR1, 2016

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ²⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^3,4).
This sentence cites four references ^4,5,7,8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
Abbreviation	J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc.
ISSN (print)	2005-3711
ISSN (online)	1598-7876
Scope	Clinical Neurology Surgery General Neuroscience