How to format your references using the Journal of Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Falkowski P. Ocean Science: The power of plankton. Nature. 2012; 483(7387):S17-20.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hemmer P, Wrachtrup J. Physics. Where is my quantum computer? Science. 2009; 324(5926):473–474.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kovalenko MV, Scheele M, Talapin DV. Colloidal nanocrystals with molecular metal chalcogenide surface ligands. Science. 2009; 324(5933):1417–1420.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jackson GS, Beck JA, Navarrete C, et al. HLA-DQ7 antigen and resistance to variant CJD. Nature. 2001; 414(6861):269–270.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hagen J. Industrial Catalysis. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Mahmood Z, Hill R, editors. Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures. London: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Jambor A, Babu S. Who Feeds the World?: Global Agricultural Trade Patterns. In: Babu S, editor. Competitiveness of Global Agriculture: Policy Lessons for Food Security. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 47–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. Brain Training App Could Help Schizophrenia Patients [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/brain-training-app-could-help-schizophrenia-patients/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Smartphone Data: Information and Issues Regarding Surreptitious Tracking Apps That Can Facilitate Stalking. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Apr. Report No.: GAO-16-317.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luo P. Evaluation of the flicker effect as a generative strategy in enhancing computer -based instruction (CBI) of visual recognition and classification [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly TW. Encounter: When Fantasy Becomes Fact. New York Times. 1975; :Travel and Resorts373.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
Scope	Immunology and Allergy Infectious Diseases

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