How to format your references using the Journal of Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rodriguez J. Recruiters and industry. Rules of engagement. Nature. 2004; 429(6990):486.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chien K, Chien L. The new Silk Road. Nature. 2004; 428(6979):208–209.

A journal article with 3 authors

Loenhout MTJ van, Grunt MV de, Dekker C. Dynamics of DNA supercoils. Science. 2012; 338(6103):94–97.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zeineh MM, Engel SA, Thompson PM, Bookheimer SY. Dynamics of the hippocampus during encoding and retrieval of face-name pairs. Science. 2003; 299(5606):577–580.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Norwitz ER, Belfort MA, Saade GR, Miller H. Obstetric Clinical Algorithms: Management and Evidence. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Baggili I, editor. Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime: Second International ICST Conference, ICDF2C 2010, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, October 4-6, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Ardabili PN, Liu M. Establishing Network Reputation via Mechanism Design. In: Krishnamurthy V, Zhao Q, Huang M, Wen Y, editors. Game Theory for Networks: Third International ICST Conference, GameNets 2012, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 24-26, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 47–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. Common Anti-Anxiety Drug Awakens Patient From Minimally Conscious State [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/common-anti-anxiety-drug-awakens-patient-minimally-conscious-state/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Disposable Glassware for Laboratory Work. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970 Jan. Report No.: 092114.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen M. Therapeutic groups for adults with mental illness and their caregivers: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Choi MHK. Terror in the Streets. New York Times. 2013; :MM50.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
Scope	Immunology and Allergy Infectious Diseases