How to format your references using the Journal of Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reichhardt, T. NASA Review Leaves Projects on Launch Pad. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Nature 2000, 403, 583.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koch, C.; Reid, R.C. Neuroscience: Observatories of the Mind. Nature 2012, 483, 397–398.

A journal article with 3 authors

Laporte, S.A.; Oakley, R.H.; Caron, M.G. Signal Transduction. Bringing Channels Closer to the Action! Science 2001, 293, 62–63.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Caraveo, P.A.; De Luca, A.; Mereghetti, S.; Pellizzoni, A.; Bignami, G.F. Phase-Resolved Spectroscopy of Geminga Shows Rotating Hot Spot(s). Science 2004, 305, 376–379.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Whitcomb, C.A.; Whitcomb, L.E. Effective Interpersonal and Team Communication Skills for Engineers; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2013; ISBN 9781118514283.

An edited book

Interactive Multi-Modal Question-Answering; Bosch, A. van D., Bouma, G., Eds.; Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; ISBN 9783642175244.

A chapter in an edited book

Menken, K. Policy Failures: No Child Left Behind and English Language Learners. In Critical Pedagogy and Teacher Education in the Neoliberal Era: Small Openings; Groenke, S.L., Hatch, J.A., Eds.; Explorations of Educational Purpose; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2009; pp. 49–62 ISBN 9781402095870.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Imaging.

Blog post

Hale, T. What You See In Your Peripheral Vision Is Basically An Optical Illusion (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Intercity Passenger Rail: The Congress Faces Critical Decisions About the Role of and Funding for Intercity Passenger Rail Systems; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2001;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson, E.A. Exploring the Barriers to Online-Business Profitability for Small Business. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University: Scottsdale, AZ, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman, R.; Walsh, M.W. Task Force Report Urges Municipalities to Stop Hiding Fiscal Troubles. New York Times 2014, A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Imaging
Abbreviation	J. Imaging
ISSN (online)	2313-433X
Scope