How to format your references using the Journal of Hand Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hand Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain E. Science careers. European programs offer translational training. Science. 2007;317(5840):968-969.

A journal article with 2 authors

Camasso NM, Sanford MS. Design, synthesis, and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions of organometallic nickel(IV) complexes. Science. 2015;347(6227):1218-1220.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schibler J, Elsner J, Schlumbaum A. Incorporation of aurochs into a cattle herd in Neolithic Europe: single event or breeding? Sci Rep. 2014;4:5798.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Guo H, Mockler T, Duong H, Lin C. SUB1, an Arabidopsis Ca2+-binding protein involved in cryptochrome and phytochrome coaction. Science. 2001;291(5503):487-490.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tasman A, Kay J, Ursano RJ. The Psychiatric Interview. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Bokalič M. Spatially Resolved Characterization in Thin-Film Photovoltaics. (Topič M, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Berndt JO, Herzog O. Distributed Learning of Best Response Behaviors in Concurrent Iterated Many-Object Negotiations. In: Timm IJ, Guttmann C, eds. Multiagent System Technologies: 10th German Conference, MATES 2012, Trier, Germany, October 10-12, 2012. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2012:15-29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hand Therapy.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Astronomers Use “Light Echo” To Measure Size Of Star’s Disk. IFLScience. Published April 28, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-use-light-echo-measure-size-stars-disk/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NOAA Satellites. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hoefer PD. A David against Goliath: The American Veterans Committee’s Challenge to the American Legion in the 1950s. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cumming-Bruce N, Sengupta S. In Greece, China Finds a New Ally Against Criticism of Its Human Rights Record. New York Times. June 19, 2017:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hand Therapy
Abbreviation	J. Hand Ther.
ISSN (print)	0894-1130
Scope	Rehabilitation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation