How to format your references using the Journal of Hand Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hand Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bergman L. Damned if you don’t. Nature. 2005;435(7044):1002.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee MCS, Schekman R. Cell biology. BAR domains go on a bender. Science. 2004;303(5657):479-480.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith SJ, Wigley TM, Edmonds J. CLIMATE: A New Route Toward Limiting Climate Change? Science. 2000;290(5494):1109-1110.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bildirici L, Smith P, Tzavelas C, Horefti E, Rickwood D. Transfection of cells by immunoporation. Nature. 2000;405(6784):298.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walkenbach J. Excel® 2010 Power Programming with VBA. Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Delcour AH, ed. Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores. Vol 18. 1st ed. 2015. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Nazaikinskii V, Schulze BW, Sternin B. Elliptic Operators on Noncompact Manifolds. In: Schulze BW, Sternin B, eds. The Localization Problem in Index Theory of Elliptic Operators. Springer; 2014:71-79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hand Therapy.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Astronomers Have Observed Water Clouds In A Distant Star System. IFLScience. July 7, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-have-observed-water-clouds-on-a-failed-star/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Leadership Needed to Collect and Disseminate Critical Biomedical Equipment Information. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhuang S. Enhancing Implicit Finite Element Sheet Forming Simulation. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker P, Kishkovsky S. Trump Signs Sanctions Bill, but Calls It ‘Clearly Unconstitutional.’ New York Times. August 2, 2017:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hand Therapy
Abbreviation	J. Hand Ther.
ISSN (print)	0894-1130
Scope	Rehabilitation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation