How to format your references using the Journal of Hand Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hand Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buat V. Astrophysics: Dust-poor galaxies at early times. Nature. 2015;522(7557):422-423.

A journal article with 2 authors

Singh BP, Cowie AL. Long-term influence of biochar on native organic carbon mineralisation in a low-carbon clayey soil. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3687.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mayberry RI, Lock E, Kazmi H. Linguistic ability and early language exposure. Nature. 2002;417(6884):38.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Miyanokoshi M, Tanaka T, Tamai M, Tagawa YI, Wakasugi K. Expression of the rodent-specific alternative splice variant of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase in murine tissues and cells. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3477.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Batten LM. Public Key Cryptography. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Yahav E, ed. Static Analysis: 18th International Symposium, SAS 2011, Venice, Italy, September 14-16, 2011. Proceedings. Vol 6887. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Gelbukh A, Sidorov G, Vera-Félix JÁ. A Bilingual Corpus of Novels Aligned at Paragraph Level. In: Salakoski T, Ginter F, Pyysalo S, Pahikkala T, eds. Advances in Natural Language Processing: 5th International Conference on NLP, FinTAL 2006 Turku, Finland, August 23-25, 2006 Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2006:16-23.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hand Therapy.

Blog post

Andrew E. The ‘Houdini’ Honey Badger … And Other Surprisingly Clever Animals. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on Claim for Excess Valuation Charge]. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sherman CP. The Effect of Head and Heart on Municipal Employee Retention. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky L. Logos à Go-Go. New York Times. September 18, 2011:ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hand Therapy
Abbreviation	J. Hand Ther.
ISSN (print)	0894-1130
Scope	Rehabilitation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation