How to format your references using the Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Champion, P. M. 2005. “Chemistry. Following the flow of energy in biomolecules.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 310 (5750): 980–982.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mas-Ballesté, R., and L. Que Jr. 2006. “Chemistry. Targeting specific C-H bonds for oxidation.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 312 (5782): 1885–1886.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bao, H., S. Yu, and D. Q. Tong. 2010. “Massive volcanic SO(2) oxidation and sulphate aerosol deposition in Cenozoic North America.” Nature, 465 (7300): 909–912.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schwab, S. R., K. C. Li, C. Kang, and N. Shastri. 2003. “Constitutive display of cryptic translation products by MHC class I molecules.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 301 (5638): 1367–1371.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Held, T. 2014. In-situ-Verfahren zur Boden- und Grundwassersanierung. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Goldstein, R. V., and G. A. Maugin, eds. 2005. Surface Waves in Anisotropic and Laminated Bodies and Defects Detection. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Stranieri, A., and J. Zeleznikow. 2005. “Legal Issues in the Data Transformation Phase.” Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases, Law and Philosophy Library, edited by J. Zeleznikow, 59–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. “Discovered: Stone Tools That Go Back Beyond Earliest Humans.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/discovered-stone-tools-go-back-beyond-earliest-humans/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Abstinence Education: Efforts to Assess the Accuracy and Effectiveness of Federally Funded Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chavez, J. A. 2015. “Principal stress analysis of rock fracture data from the Long Beach oil field, Los Angeles basin, California.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. 2013. “Double Dose on Opening Day Warms the Soul.” New York Times, April 3, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Champion 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Champion 2005; Mas-Ballesté and Que 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mas-Ballesté and Que 2006)
Three or more authors: (Schwab et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1090-0241
ISSN (online)	1943-5606
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology General Environmental Science