How to format your references using the Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jayaraman, K. S. 2001. “Indian rocket fizzles out as test launch fails to fly.” Nature, 410 (6829): 619.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jagoutz, O., and M. D. Behn. 2013. “Foundering of lower island-arc crust as an explanation for the origin of the continental Moho.” Nature, 504 (7478): 131–134.

A journal article with 3 authors

Downs, J. A., M. C. Nussenzweig, and A. Nussenzweig. 2007. “Chromatin dynamics and the preservation of genetic information.” Nature, 447 (7147): 951–958.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, Y., M. Takenaka, T. Osada, M. Hata, and S. Takagi. 2014. “Strain-induced enhancement of plasma dispersion effect and free-carrier absorption in SiGe optical modulators.” Sci. Rep., 4: 4683.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Feldkamp, F. L., and R. C. Whalen. 2014. Financial Stability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Leal Filho, W. 2015. Food Waste and Sustainable Food Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Region. Environmental Science and Engineering, (M. Kovaleva, ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

VanPool, C. S., and T. L. VanPool. 2012. “Breath and Being: Contextualizing Object Persons at Paquimé, Chihuahua, Mexico.” Archaeology of Spiritualities, K. Rountree, C. Morris, and A. A. D. Peatfield, eds., 87–106. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2017. “A Giant Ice Diamond Spotted Shining In The Caspian Sea.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/a-giant-ice-diamond-spotted-shining-in-the-caspian-sea/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Actions Needed to Address Credit Union Systems’ Year 2000 Problem. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Little, K. 2013. “Using Ancient and Modern Fishes to Track Environmental Change in the Illinois River.” Doctoral dissertation. Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, L. 2016. “A Romance With Birthdays as Bookends.” New York Times, May 29, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jayaraman 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Jagoutz and Behn 2013; Jayaraman 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jagoutz and Behn 2013)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1090-0241
ISSN (online)	1943-5606
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology General Environmental Science