How to format your references using the Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keller, P. J. 2013. “Imaging morphogenesis: technological advances and biological insights.” Science, 340 (6137): 1234168.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clem, R. L., and R. L. Huganir. 2010. “Calcium-permeable AMPA receptor dynamics mediate fear memory erasure.” Science, 330 (6007): 1108–1112.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hren, M. T., M. M. Tice, and C. P. Chamberlain. 2009. “Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for a temperate climate 3.42 billion years ago.” Nature, 462 (7270): 205–208.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Buckholtz, J. W., M. T. Treadway, R. L. Cowan, N. D. Woodward, R. Li, M. S. Ansari, R. M. Baldwin, A. N. Schwartzman, E. S. Shelby, C. E. Smith, R. M. Kessler, and D. H. Zald. 2010. “Dopaminergic network differences in human impulsivity.” Science, 329 (5991): 532.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McFedries, P. 2010. Twitter Tips, Tricks, and Tweets. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Wittenburg, G. 2012. Service Placement in Ad Hoc Networks. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science, (J. Schiller, ed.). London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Liu, R., H. Zhang, and Z. Yang. 2013. “How Does a Researcher Become an Entrepreneur in the High-Tech Industrial Cluster? A Case Study.” Cooperation, Clusters, and Knowledge Transfer: Universities and Firms Towards Regional Competitiveness, Advances in Spatial Science, J. J. M. Ferreira, M. Raposo, R. Rutten, and A. Varga, eds., 59–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, D. 2017. “How Mapping Teenagers’ Brains Has Helped Us Understand More About Schizophrenia.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-mapping-teenagers-brains-has-helped-us-understand-more-about-schizophrenia/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1976. Need To Resolve Safety Questions on Saccharin. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morr, R. 2015. “Age Discrimination: Prejudice Suppression in the Selection Process.” Doctoral dissertation. Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. 2015. “A Dispute Over a Composer’s Burial Place, and His Legacy.” New York Times, September 7, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Keller 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Clem and Huganir 2010; Keller 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clem and Huganir 2010)
Three or more authors: (Buckholtz et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1090-0241
ISSN (online)	1943-5606
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology General Environmental Science