How to format your references using the Journal of Geosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crooks RM (2014) Therapeutics: Detective work on drug dosage. Nature 505:165–166

A journal article with 2 authors

Kubatko LS, Pearl DK (2011) Evolution. Seeing the trees in your terrace. Science 333:411–412

A journal article with 3 authors

Wolfsberg TG, McEntyre J, Schuler GD (2001) Guide to the draft human genome. Nature 409:824–826

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ai B, Wang L, Möhwald H, et al (2014) Real-time control of uni-directional liquid spreading on a half-cone nanoshell array. Sci Rep 4:6751

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Matthews C (2012) Engineers’ Data Book. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Shayler DJ (2013) Manned Spaceflight Log II—2006–2012. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Rotilio M, De Berardinis P, Cucchiella F (2015) Renewable Energy Sources in Minor Historical Centers. New Scenarios of Sustainable Development of the Territory. In: Cucchiella F, Koh L (eds) Sustainable Future Energy Technology and Supply Chains: A Multi-perspective Analysis. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 75–106

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geosciences.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Amazing Drone Footage Of Sudan’s Mysterious & Forgotten Pyramids. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/watch-interesting-drone-footage-el-kurru-pyramids/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Tax Systems Modernization: Progress Mixed In Addressing Critical Success Factors. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kuqi K (2013) A matrix-Based Method for Optimizing the User Interface Design of Electronic Medical Record Systems. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Arango T (2017) ISIS, Praising Its ‘Hero Soldier,’ Claims Responsibility for Istanbul Attack. New York Times A4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crooks 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Kubatko and Pearl 2011; Crooks 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kubatko and Pearl 2011)
Three or more authors: (Ai et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geosciences
ISSN (print)	1802-6222
ISSN (online)	1803-1943
Scope