How to format your references using the Journal of Geography in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geography in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brower, V. (2011). Biomarkers: Portents of malignancy. Nature, 471(7339), S19-21.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kelley, K. A., & Cottrell, E. (2009). Water and the oxidation state of subduction zone magmas. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5940), 605–607.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zimov, S. A., Schuur, E. A. G., & Chapin, F. S., 3rd. (2006). Climate change. Permafrost and the global carbon budget. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5780), 1612–1613.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Alavi, A., Hood, J. D., Frausto, R., Stupack, D. G., & Cheresh, D. A. (2003). Role of Raf in vascular protection from distinct apoptotic stimuli. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5629), 94–96.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yamarone, R. (2012). The Trader’s Guide to Key Economic Indicators. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Levitin, G. (Ed.). (2007). Computational Intelligence in Reliability Engineering: New Metaheuristics, Neural and Fuzzy Techniques in Reliability (Vol. 40). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Benesty, J., Chen, J., & Habets, E. A. P. (2012). Multichannel Speech Enhancement with Gains. In J. Chen & E. A. P. Habets (Eds.), Speech Enhancement in the STFT Domain (pp. 51–75). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geography in Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, October 10). NASA Is Using “Martian Gardens” To Learn How To Farm On The Red Planet. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Food Assistance: Processing of USDA Commodities Donated to the National School Lunch Program (RCED-92-67). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Janowiecki, S. (2015). The evolutionary status of high and extremely low surface brightness dwarf galaxies [Doctoral dissertation]. Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2004, May 19). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: 11 Killed In Chechen Ambushes. New York Times, A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brower, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Brower, 2011; Kelley & Cottrell, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kelley & Cottrell, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Alavi et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geography in Higher Education
Abbreviation	J. Geogr. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0309-8265
ISSN (online)	1466-1845
Scope	Education Geography, Planning and Development