How to format your references using the Journal of Geography in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geography in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hell, S. W. (2007). Far-field optical nanoscopy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5828), 1153–1158.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peers, G., & Price, N. M. (2006). Copper-containing plastocyanin used for electron transport by an oceanic diatom. Nature, 441(7091), 341–344.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hanash, S. M., Pitteri, S. J., & Faca, V. M. (2008). Mining the plasma proteome for cancer biomarkers. Nature, 452(7187), 571–579.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gao, S., Chen, D., Li, Q., Ye, J., Jiang, H., Amatore, C., & Wang, X. (2014). Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of cancer cells and tumors through specific biosynthesis of silver nanoclusters. Scientific Reports, 4, 4384.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bi, J. (2015). Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Macintosh, A., Ellis, R., & Allen, T. (Eds.). (2006). Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XIII: Proceedings of AI-2005, the Twenty-fifth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, UK, December 2005. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ramakrishnan, V. R., Kingdom, T. T., & Orlandi, R. R. (2014). Structural Anomalies of the Nose and Sinuses in Patients with Rhinosinusitis. In C. C. Chang, G. A. Incaudo, & M. E. Gershwin (Eds.), Diseases of the Sinuses: A Comprehensive Textbook of Diagnosis and Treatment (pp. 73–86). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geography in Higher Education.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, February 19). Do We Really Need Oxygen For Complex Life? IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2007). Next Generation Air Transportation System: Status of the Transition to the Future Air Traffic Control System (GAO-07-784T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cannon, M. P. (2013). Cenozoic kinematics of the Little Pine fault, Santa Maria Basin, California [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (2011, December 4). New Pose On the Mat: The Sleuth. New York Times, MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hell, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Hell, 2007; Peers & Price, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Peers & Price, 2006)
Three authors: (Hanash et al., 2008)
6 or more authors: (Gao et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geography in Higher Education
Abbreviation	J. Geogr. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0309-8265
ISSN (online)	1466-1845
Scope	Education Geography, Planning and Development