How to format your references using the Journal of Frugal Innovation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Frugal Innovation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Narasimha, R. (2004). Divide, conquer and unify. Nature, 432(7019), 807.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lazar, M. A., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2012). Physiology. De-meaning of metabolism. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6089), 1651–1652.

A journal article with 3 authors

Melchor, R. N., De Valais, S., & Genise, J. F. (2002). Bird-like fossil footprints from the Late Triassic. Nature, 417(6892), 936–938.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dalgarno, S. J., Tucker, S. A., Bassil, D. B., & Atwood, J. L. (2005). Fluorescent guest molecules report ordered inner phase of host capsules in solution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5743), 2037–2039.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walkenbach, J. (2010). Excel® 2010 Power Programming with VBA. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Jha, N. K., & Chen, D. (Eds.). (2011). Nanoelectronic Circuit Design. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kundu, M. (2013). Helicobacter pylori Peptidyl Prolyl cis, trans Isomerase: A Modulator of the Host Immune Response. In B. Henderson (Ed.), Moonlighting Cell Stress Proteins in Microbial Infections (pp. 81–91). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Frugal Innovation.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 6). Star Trek Actress Nichelle Nichols Confirms She Will Fly In A NASA Mission Later This Year. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1984). SSA Data Communications Contracts With Paradyne Corporation Demonstrate the Need for Improved Management Controls (No. IMTEC-84-15). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pratt, P. R. (2009). Analysis of the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the LENS^TM process for steels using the finite element method (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bittman, M. (2012, October 10). Heavenly Earth. New York Times, p. MM50.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Narasimha 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Lazar and Birnbaum 2012; Narasimha 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lazar and Birnbaum 2012)
Three or more authors: (Dalgarno et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Frugal Innovation
Abbreviation	J. Frugal Innov.
ISSN (online)	2197-7917
Scope

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