How to format your references using the Journal of Frugal Innovation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Frugal Innovation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hardie, D. G. (2010). Transcription. Targeting the core of transcription. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5996), 1158–1159.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mongiat, L. A., & Schinder, A. F. (2014). Neuroscience. A price to pay for adult neurogenesis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6184), 594–595.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vukusic, P., Sambles, J. R., & Lawrence, C. R. (2000). Colour mixing in wing scales of a butterfly. Nature, 404(6777), 457.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

McGuire, S. E., Le, P. T., Osborn, A. J., Matsumoto, K., & Davis, R. L. (2003). Spatiotemporal rescue of memory dysfunction in Drosophila. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5651), 1765–1768.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Best, P. (2005). Implementing Value at Risk. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Schweizer, T. A., & Macdonald, R. L. (Eds.). (2014). The Behavioral Consequences of Stroke. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lai, J., Deng, R. H., Liu, S., Weng, J., & Zhao, Y. (2014). Identity-Based Encryption Secure against Selective Opening Chosen-Ciphertext Attack. In P. Q. Nguyen & E. Oswald (Eds.), Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2014: 33rd Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 11-15, 2014. Proceedings (pp. 77–92). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Frugal Innovation.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, April 14). Health Check: Are My Memory Lapses Normal Or Could This Be Alzheimer’s disease? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/health-check-are-my-memory-lapses-normal-or-could-be-alzheimer-s-disease/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Review of Claims Settlement (No. B-179146). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cusick, J. A. (2012). Does size really matter? How synchrony and size affect the dynamic of aggression between two sympatric species of dolphin in the Bahamas (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (1992, March 1). The Executive Life; Wall St. Dems Find Little to Like in 1992. New York Times, p. 333.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hardie 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Hardie 2010; Mongiat and Schinder 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mongiat and Schinder 2014)
Three or more authors: (McGuire et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Frugal Innovation
Abbreviation	J. Frugal Innov.
ISSN (online)	2197-7917
Scope