How to format your references using the Journal of Frugal Innovation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Frugal Innovation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Service, R. F. (2000). MATERIALS SCIENCE: New Tigers in the Fuel Cell Tank. Science (New York, N.Y.), 288(5473), 1955–1957.

A journal article with 2 authors

Grünwald, D., & Singer, R. H. (2010). In vivo imaging of labelled endogenous β-actin mRNA during nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nature, 467(7315), 604–607.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bloom, D. E., Canning, D., & Fink, G. (2008). Urbanization and the wealth of nations. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5864), 772–775.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Warburton, R. J., Schaflein, C., Haft, D., Bickel, F., Lorke, A., Karrai, K., et al. (2000). Optical emission from a charge-tunable quantum ring. Nature, 405(6789), 926–929.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. (2010). Layer of Protection Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Yokota, A., Fujii, T., & Goto, K. (Eds.). (2007). Alicyclobacillus: Thermophilic Acidophilic Bacilli. Tokyo: Springer Japan.

A chapter in an edited book

Shaw, I. S., & Luo, D. (2016). Citizen Journalism, Cyber-Activism, and ‘Crowdsourcing’: Discussing the Sacking of Sierra Leone’s Vice President Sam Sumana on Facebook and Twitter. In B. Mutsvairo (Ed.), Digital Activism in the Social Media Era: Critical Reflections on Emerging Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 95–112). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Frugal Innovation.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, June 12). Here’s What Eating Junk Food Does To Your Gut Bacteria. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). NORAD’s Information Processing Improvement Program: Will It Enhance Mission Capability? (No. LCD-78-117). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

To, K. S. (2017). Loss of Promoter Methylation is Correlated with mRNA Induction of Senescence Upregulated Gene UGT78D1 (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, February 27). Mets Form Dream Infield, for a Chiropractor. New York Times, p. D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Service 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Grünwald and Singer 2010; Service 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Grünwald and Singer 2010)
Three or more authors: (Warburton et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Frugal Innovation
Abbreviation	J. Frugal Innov.
ISSN (online)	2197-7917
Scope