How to format your references using the Journal of Frugal Innovation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Frugal Innovation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kapan, D. D. (2001). Three-butterfly system provides a field test of müllerian mimicry. Nature, 409(6818), 338–340.

A journal article with 2 authors

Spilianakis, C. G., & Flavell, R. A. (2006). Molecular biology. Managing associations between different chromosomes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5771), 207–208.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pfleiderer, C., Julian, S. R., & Lonzarich, G. G. (2001). Non-Fermi-liquid nature of the normal state of itinerant-electron ferromagnets. Nature, 414(6862), 427–430.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Smith, G. F., Steenkamp, Y., Klopper, R. R., Siebert, S. J., & Arnold, T. H. (2003). The price of collecting life. Nature, 422(6930), 375–376.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lundberg, U., & Cooper, C. L. (2010). The Science of Occupational Health. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Sango, K., & Yamauchi, J. (Eds.). (2014). Schwann Cell Development and Pathology. Tokyo: Springer Japan.

A chapter in an edited book

Zauner, K.-P. (2005). From Prescriptive Programming of Solid-State Devices to Orchestrated Self-organisation of Informed Matter. In J.-P. Banâtre, P. Fradet, J.-L. Giavitto, & O. Michel (Eds.), Unconventional Programming Paradigms: International Workshop UPP 2004, Le Mont Saint Michel, France, September 15-17, 2004, Revised Selected and Invited Papers (pp. 47–55). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Frugal Innovation.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, September 23). New Artificial Pancreas Could Be A Life Changer For Type 1 Diabetics. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Motor Carrier Safety: Commercial Vehicle Registration Program Has Kept Unsafe Carriers from Operating, but Effectiveness Is Difficult to Measure (No. GAO-09-495). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Angervil, G. (2017). Administrative Discretion in Public Policy Implementation: The Case of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dynarski, S. (2017, July 14). Make Everyone Take the SAT or ACT. And Make It Free. New York Times, p. BU3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kapan 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Kapan 2001; Spilianakis and Flavell 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Spilianakis and Flavell 2006)
Three or more authors: (Smith et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Frugal Innovation
Abbreviation	J. Frugal Innov.
ISSN (online)	2197-7917
Scope