How to format your references using the Journal of Freshwater Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Freshwater Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cook N. 2008. Beyond the notes. Nature. 453(7199):1186–1187.

A journal article with 2 authors

Accardi A, Miller C. 2004. Secondary active transport mediated by a prokaryotic homologue of ClC Cl- channels. Nature. 427(6977):803–807.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sawai S, Thomason PA, Cox EC. 2005. An autoregulatory circuit for long-range self-organization in Dictyostelium cell populations. Nature. 433(7023):323–326.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Hu L, Zhang Y, Hong M, Zhu S, Yan D, Wang D, Li X, Zhu Z, Tsewang, Xu W. 2014. Phylogenetic evidence for multiple intertypic recombinations in enterovirus B81 strains isolated in Tibet, China. Sci Rep. 4:6035.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ramirez J. 2007. Accounting for Derivatives. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Aspin DN, editor. 2007. Philosophical Perspectives on Lifelong Learning. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Zalaudek I, Scope A, Argenziano G, Longo C, Piana S, Carticalà C, Marghoob AA. 2012. The Dual Pathway of Nevogenesis. In: Marghoob AA, editor. Nevogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Nevus Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; p. 49–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Freshwater Ecology.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Dispersants Sprayed In Wake Of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill More Toxic Than Oil Alone. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/dispersants-sprayed-wake-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-more-toxic-oil-alone/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2016. Inland Waterways Fuel Tax: Additional Data Could Enhance IRS’s Efforts to Ensure Taxpayer Compliance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Landon SG. 2015. The development of a transitional shelter program for homeless women: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S. 2017. Since When is Being a Woman a Liberal Cause? New York Times.:SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cook 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Accardi and Miller 2004; Cook 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Accardi and Miller 2004)
Three or more authors: (Hu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Freshwater Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Freshw. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0270-5060
ISSN (online)	2156-6941
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics