How to format your references using the Journal of Freshwater Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Freshwater Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McCune JM. 2001. The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease. Nature. 410(6831):974–979.

A journal article with 2 authors

Apesteguía S, Novas FE. 2003. Large Cretaceous sphenodontian from Patagonia provides insight into lepidosaur evolution in Gondwana. Nature. 425(6958):609–612.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wolfe CJ, Okubo PG, Shearer PM. 2003. Mantle fault zone beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Science. 300(5618):478–480.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Bergeron DE, Castleman AW Jr, Morisato T, Khanna SN. 2004. Formation of Al13I-: evidence for the superhalogen character of Al13. Science. 304(5667):84–87.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liphard KG. 2014. Labormanagement. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Sadewasser S, Glatzel T, editors. 2012. Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Measuring and Compensating Electrostatic Forces. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Harper BWJ, van Holst M, Aldrich-Wright J. 2011. Platinum(II) Intercalating Complexes Based on 2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine. In: Aldrich-Wright J, editor. Metallointercalators: Synthesis and Techniques to Probe Their Interactions with Biomolecules. Vienna: Springer; p. 101–128.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Freshwater Ecology.

Blog post

Hale T. 2016. Somebody Has Found Another “Giant Spoon” On Mars. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1983. Contracting for Computer Teleprocessing Services Can Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miller C. 2010. Assembly and analysis of an Sp185/333 gene cluster from the purple sea urchin: Putative evidence for microsatellite-mediated gene and segmental duplication [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. 2016. Deadline Nears in Puerto Rico, Amid Haggling. New York Times.:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McCune 2001).
This sentence cites two references (McCune 2001; Apesteguía and Novas 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Apesteguía and Novas 2003)
Three or more authors: (Bergeron et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Freshwater Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Freshw. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0270-5060
ISSN (online)	2156-6941
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics