How to format your references using the Journal of Field Ornithology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Field Ornithology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Irvine, R. 2007. Cell signaling. The art of the soluble. Science (New York, N.Y.) 316: 845–846.

A journal article with 2 authors

Giazotto, F. and M.J. Martínez-Pérez. 2012. The Josephson heat interferometer. Nature 492: 401–405.

A journal article with 3 authors

He, X., L. Gao and N. Ma. 2013. One-step instant synthesis of protein-conjugated quantum dots at room temperature. Scientific reports 3: 2825.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bloom, J.S., D. Giannios, B.D. Metzger, S.B. Cenko, D.A. Perley, N.R. Butler, et al. 2011. A possible relativistic jetted outburst from a massive black hole fed by a tidally disrupted star. Science (New York, N.Y.) 333: 203–206.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McDonnell, G. and D. Sheard. 2012. A Practical Guide to Decontamination in Healthcare. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Marino, R. 2010. Induction Motor Control Design. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, H.J., Y. Lee and H.-H. Kim. 2013. Intracellular Calcium Signaling for Osteoclast Differentiation. In Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Immune and Skeletal Systems (Y. Choi, ed.), pp. 23–30. Springer, New York, NY.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Field Ornithology.

Blog post

Evans, K. [online]. 2017. EPA Finds 97% Of Endangered Species In US Threatened By Two Common Pesticides. IFLScience. IFLScience. <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/epa-finds-97-of-endangered-species-in-us-threatened-by-two-common-pesticides/> (30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Aviation and the Environment: FAA’s Role in Major Airport Noise Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roettger, M.E. 2008. Three essays on social inequality and the U.S. criminal justice system. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lavin, L. 2017. I Sang in New York. New York Times: AR5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Irvine 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Irvine 2007; Giazotto and Martínez-Pérez 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Giazotto and Martínez-Pérez 2012)
Three or more authors: (Bloom et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Field Ornithology
Abbreviation	J. Field Ornithol.
ISSN (print)	0273-8570
ISSN (online)	1557-9263
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics