How to format your references using the Journal of Field Ornithology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Field Ornithology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zenobi, R. 2013. Single-cell metabolomics: analytical and biological perspectives. Science (New York, N.Y.) 342: 1243259.

A journal article with 2 authors

Park, J. and V. Levin. 2002. Seismic anisotropy: tracing plate dynamics in the mantle. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296: 485–489.

A journal article with 3 authors

Khush, R.S., F. Leulier and B. Lemaitre. 2002. Immunology. Pathogen surveillance--the flies have it. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296: 273–275.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gerber, S., M. Comellas-Bigler, B.A. Goetz and K.P. Locher. 2008. Structural basis of trans-inhibition in a molybdate/tungstate ABC transporter. Science (New York, N.Y.) 321: 246–250.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gadd, K. 2016. TRIZ für Ingenieure. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Klouche, T. and T. Noll (eds). 2009. Mathematics and Computation in Music: First International Conference, MCM 2007 Berlin, Germany, May 18–20, 2007 Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Chevalier, C., D. Ginsbourger, J. Bect and I. Molchanov. 2013. Estimating and Quantifying Uncertainties on Level Sets Using the Vorob’ev Expectation and Deviation with Gaussian Process Models. In mODa 10 – Advances in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis Held in Łagów Lubuski, Poland, June 10–14, 2013 (D. Ucinski, A.C. Atkinson & M. Patan, eds.), pp. 35–43. Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Field Ornithology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. [online]. 2014. Lava Flow In Hawaii Incinerates Its First House. IFLScience. IFLScience. <https://www.iflscience.com/environment/lava-flow-hawaii-incinerates-its-first-house/> (30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1985. GAO’s Work Relating to the Job Training Partnership Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yamada, T. 2008. Comparison of cognitively diagnostic adaptive testing algorithms. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dinardo, K. 2015. What Tim Cope Learned from the Nomads. New York Times: TR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zenobi 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Park and Levin 2002; Zenobi 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Park and Levin 2002)
Three or more authors: (Gerber et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Field Ornithology
Abbreviation	J. Field Ornithol.
ISSN (print)	0273-8570
ISSN (online)	1557-9263
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics