How to format your references using the Journal of Fetal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Fetal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Allen GE. Essays on science and society. Is a new eugenics afoot? Science. 2001;294:59–61.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Richards TA, Cavalier-Smith T. Myosin domain evolution and the primary divergence of eukaryotes. Nature. 2005;436:1113–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Carlos C, Torres TT, Ottoboni LMM. Bacterial communities and species-specific associations with the mucus of Brazilian coral species. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1624.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Karcher RL, Roland JT, Zappacosta F, Huddleston MJ, Annan RS, Carr SA, et al. Cell cycle regulation of myosin-V by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Science. 2001;293:1317–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Fight A. Understanding International Bank Risk. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2004.

An edited book

1. Zhou X, Yokota H, Deng K, Liu Q, editors. Database Systems for Advanced Applications: 14th International Conference, DASFAA 2009, Brisbane, Australia, April 21-23, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Alahmari S. Overcoming Cultural Barriers. In: Hartlep ND, Hensley BO, editors. Critical Storytelling in Uncritical Times: Stories Disclosed in a Cultural Foundations of Education Course. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2015. p. 37–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Fetal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Scientists Can Now Make Leukemia Cells Kill Each Other. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. NASA ADP Procurement: Contracting and Market Share Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Apr. Report No.: IMTEC-90-39FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Chun AR. Physiological, Ultrastructure, and Preliminary Genomic Characterization of the Marine Protist Thraustochytrium sp. LLF1b (class Labyrinthulomycetes) [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (mrs M S ) Isabella. Rosenbach and Books. New York Times. 1960 Dec 18;The New York Times Book ReviewBR15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Fetal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Fetal Med.
ISSN (print)	2348-1153
ISSN (online)	2348-8859
Scope