How to format your references using the Journal of Fetal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Fetal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Pearson H. Mystery virus slow to yield its identity as patient numbers rise. Nature. 2003;422:364.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rouyer F, Chatterjee A. Circadian clocks: A receptor for subtle temperature changes. Nature. 2015;527:449–51.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Rogers RR, Krause DW, Curry Rogers K. Cannibalism in the Madagascan dinosaur Majungatholus atopus. Nature. 2003;422:515–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mehta KK, Orcutt JS, Tehar-Zahav O, Sternberg Z, Bafrali R, Meade R, et al. High-Q CMOS-integrated photonic crystal microcavity devices. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4077.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Chow S-C, Liu J-P. Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials: Concepts and Methodologies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Rubin IL, Merrick J, Greydanus DE, Patel DR, editors. Health Care for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities across the Lifespan. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cooper MC, El Mouelhi A, Terrioux C, Zanuttini B. On Broken Triangles. In: O’Sullivan B, editor. Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming: 20th International Conference, CP 2014, Lyon, France, September 8-12, 2014 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 9–24.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Fetal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Oceanic Life Brightens Summer Clouds [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/oceanic-life-brightens-summer-clouds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Competition: Challenges in Enhancing Competition in Dominated Markets. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Mar. Report No.: GAO-01-518T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Karmacharya B. Population Dynamics of Northern Cardinal and Carolina Wren in an Urban Forest Fragment: Safe Refuge or Ecological Trap? [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Qiu L. Whirl of Contradictions On Election Interference. New York Times. 2017 Jun 26;A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Fetal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Fetal Med.
ISSN (print)	2348-1153
ISSN (online)	2348-8859
Scope