How to format your references using the Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. R. Williams, Nature 475, S5 (2011).

A journal article with 2 authors

1. S. McBrearty and N. G. Jablonski, Nature 437, 105 (2005).

A journal article with 3 authors

1. S. L. Werner, D. Barken, and A. Hoffmann, Science 309, 1857 (2005).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. R. K. Singh, A. Srivastava, P. Kalaiarasan, S. Manvati, R. Chopra, and R. N. K. Bamezai, Sci. Rep. 4, 6571 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. L.-Y. Chu and W. Wang, Microfluidics for Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2017).

An edited book

1. J. Pries-Heje, J. Venable, D. Bunker, N. L. Russo, and J. I. DeGross, editors , Human Benefit through the Diffusion of Information Systems Design Science Research: IFIP WG 8.2/8.6 International Working Conference, Perth, Australia, March 30 – April 1, 2010. Proceedings (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010).

A chapter in an edited book

1. B. Perret, in Ages, Generations and the Social Contract: The Demographic Challenges Facing the Welfare State, edited by S. Pennec and J. Légaré (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007), pp. 105–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention.

Blog post

1. J. O`Callaghan, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office, Education and Employment Issues: Issue Area Plan for Fiscal Year 1997-99 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1997).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. B. Portwood, Inclusive Special and General Education Secondary Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Setting, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. K. Crow, New York Times 146 (2001).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention
Abbreviation	J. Fail. Anal. Prev.
ISSN (print)	1547-7029
ISSN (online)	1864-1245
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality General Materials Science

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