How to format your references using the Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rishbeth H (2002) High above the Earth. Nature 418:23

A journal article with 2 authors

Pagliarini RA, Xu T (2003) A genetic screen in Drosophila for metastatic behavior. Science 302:1227–1231

A journal article with 3 authors

Pinker RT, Zhang B, Dutton EG (2005) Do satellites detect trends in surface solar radiation? Science 308:850–854

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Crampton JS, Beu AG, Cooper RA, et al (2003) Estimating the rock volume bias in paleobiodiversity studies. Science 301:358–360

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kuehni RG (2004) Color. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Luke TW, Hunsinger J (eds) (2012) Putting Knowledge to Work and Letting Information Play. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Ruiz EL, Izquierdo CE, Batista BM, Moreno-Vega JM (2013) A Metaheuristic Approach for the Seaside Operations in Maritime Container Terminals. In: Rojas I, Joya G, Cabestany J (eds) Advances in Computational Intelligence: 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, June 12-14, 2013, Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 28–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) More Than 1,000 New Exoplanets Discovered – But Still No Earth Twin. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/more-1000-new-exoplanets-discovered-still-no-earth-twin/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Biotechnology: Role of Institutional Biosafety Committees. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wester AM (2013) Readers’ trust, socio-demographic, and acuity influences in citizen journalism credibility for disrupted online newspapers. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2008) From the Farm | How to Skip Supermarkets. New York Times NJ11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rishbeth 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Rishbeth 2002; Pagliarini and Xu 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pagliarini and Xu 2003)
Three or more authors: (Crampton et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
Abbreviation	J. Exp. Orthop.
ISSN (online)	2197-1153
Scope

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