How to format your references using the Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hwang WC (2009) Journal club. A structural biologist has great expectations for llamas’ small antibodies. Nature 459:303

A journal article with 2 authors

Nelson WJ, Nusse R (2004) Convergence of Wnt, beta-catenin, and cadherin pathways. Science 303:1483–1487

A journal article with 3 authors

Fan HC, Fu GK, Fodor SPA (2015) Expression profiling. Combinatorial labeling of single cells for gene expression cytometry. Science 347:1258367

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Behrenfeld MJ, O’Malley RT, Siegel DA, et al (2006) Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature 444:752–755

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levy G, Levin B (2014) The Biostatistics of Aging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Romanovsky A, Vardanega T (eds) (2011) Reliable Software Technologies - Ada-Europe 2011: 16th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Edinburgh, UK, June 20-24, 2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Engquist B (2005) Multi-scale Modeling. In: Benedicks M, Jones PW, Smirnov S, Winckler B (eds) Perspectives in Analysis: Essays in Honor of Lennart Carleson’s 75th Birthday. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 51–61

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Play Video Games, Advance Science. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Schools and Libraries Program: Update on E-Rate Funding. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jenrich MA (2017) “To treat her as a woman”: African American women and respectability in New York, 1860-1890. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M (1992) THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Accuses Bush of Dodging Responsibilities. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hwang 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Nelson and Nusse 2004; Hwang 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nelson and Nusse 2004)
Three or more authors: (Behrenfeld et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
Abbreviation	J. Exp. Orthop.
ISSN (online)	2197-1153
Scope