How to format your references using the Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chast F (2006) Obituary: Pierre Potier (1934-2006). Nature 440:291

A journal article with 2 authors

Silberzahn R, Uhlmann EL (2015) Crowdsourced research: Many hands make tight work. Nature 526:189–191

A journal article with 3 authors

Ji M, Odelius M, Gaffney KJ (2010) Large angular jump mechanism observed for hydrogen bond exchange in aqueous perchlorate solution. Science 328:1003–1005

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zang J, Cao C, Feng Y, et al (2014) Stretchable and high-performance supercapacitors with crumpled graphene papers. Sci Rep 4:6492

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jiang J, Zhang C (2015) Fundamentals and Applications of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore

An edited book

Naccache D (ed) (2012) Cryptography and Security: From Theory to Applications: Essays Dedicated to Jean-Jacques Quisquater on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Slaghuis J, Joseph B, Goebel W (2007) Metabolism and Physiology of Listeria monocytogenes. In: Goldfine H, Shen H (eds) Listeria monocytogenes: Pathogenesis and Host Response. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 63–80

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Infant’s HEAD Reattached Following Internal Decapitation. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/infants-head-reattached-following-internal-decapitation/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Earth Observing System: Cost and Research Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Foley JD (2012) Comparing Kac-Moody groups over the complex numbers and fields of positive characteristic via homotopy theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Future Is Now for Mets Prospect Rosario. New York Times B12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chast 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Chast 2006; Silberzahn and Uhlmann 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Silberzahn and Uhlmann 2015)
Three or more authors: (Zang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
Abbreviation	J. Exp. Orthop.
ISSN (online)	2197-1153
Scope