How to format your references using the Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holmes JA (2008) Ecology. How the Sahara became dry. Science 320:752–753

A journal article with 2 authors

Welker J, Giessibl FJ (2012) Revealing the angular symmetry of chemical bonds by atomic force microscopy. Science 336:444–449

A journal article with 3 authors

Jankowski P, McKellar ARW, Szalewicz K (2012) Theory untangles the high-resolution infrared spectrum of the ortho-H2-CO van der Waals complex. Science 336:1147–1150

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Xie Q, Guo H-S, Dallman G, et al (2002) SINAT5 promotes ubiquitin-related degradation of NAC1 to attenuate auxin signals. Nature 419:167–170

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Serval J-F, Tranié J-P (2014) The Monetary System. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Singh AD, Damato B (eds) (2014) Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology: Retinal Tumors, 2nd ed. 2014. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Tonnara P (2016) Risk Assessment. In: Siclari D (ed) The New Anti-Money Laundering Law: First Perspectives on the 4th European Union Directive. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 57–66

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) 3D-Printed Smart Bottle Cap Could Tell You When Your Food Has Expired. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Pipeline Safety: Systematic Process Needed to Evaluate Outcomes of Research and Development Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miller RL (2015) Models for the Interaction of Structured Populations and the Environment. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2014) Choosing to Live Abroad in Retirement. New York Times B4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Holmes 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Holmes 2008; Welker and Giessibl 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Welker and Giessibl 2012)
Three or more authors: (Xie et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences
Abbreviation	J. Environ. Stud. Sci.
ISSN (print)	2190-6483
ISSN (online)	2190-6491
Scope	General Environmental Science Geography, Planning and Development