How to format your references using the Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smil V (2000) Magic beans. Nature 407:567

A journal article with 2 authors

Griffin AS, West SA (2003) Kin discrimination and the benefit of helping in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Science 302:634–636

A journal article with 3 authors

Girart JM, Rao R, Marrone DP (2006) Magnetic fields in the formation of sun-like stars. Science 313:812–814

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sato T, Cheng Y-N, Wu X-C, et al (2005) A pair of shelled eggs inside a female dinosaur. Science 308:375

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cazdyn E, Szeman I (2011) After Globalization. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Preedy VR, Srirajaskanthan R, Patel VB (eds) (2013) Handbook of Food Fortification and Health: From Concepts to Public Health Applications Volume 2. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Rätsch G (2006) The Solution of Semi-Infinite Linear Programs Using Boosting-Like Methods. In: Todorovski L, Lavrač N, Jantke KP (eds) Discovery Science: 9th International Conference, DS 2006, Barcelona, Spain, October 7-10, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 15–15

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2016) New Type Of Meteorite May Be Remnant Of Colliding Asteroid 470 Million Years Ago. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-type-of-meteorite-may-be-remnant-of-colliding-asteroid-470-million-years-ago/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Commercial Motor Carriers: DOT Is Shifting to Performance-Based Standards to Assess Whether Carriers Operate Safely. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzalez ER (2015) Technology and adiposity: Effects of television time, video or computer game time, and computer use on body fat among Latino youth. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2001) Cafe Borgia, Like Its Beat Heyday And Lucrezia Herself, Is History. New York Times 145

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smil 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Smil 2000; Griffin and West 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Griffin and West 2003)
Three or more authors: (Sato et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences
Abbreviation	J. Environ. Stud. Sci.
ISSN (print)	2190-6483
ISSN (online)	2190-6491
Scope	General Environmental Science Geography, Planning and Development