How to format your references using the Journal of Empirical Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Empirical Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donnenberg, M.S., 2000. Pathogenic strategies of enteric bacteria. Nature 406, 768–774.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kummamuru, R.K., Soh, Y.-A., 2008. Electrical effects of spin density wave quantization and magnetic domain walls in chromium. Nature 452, 859–863.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bloom, D.E., Canning, D., Fink, G., 2008. Urbanization and the wealth of nations. Science 319, 772–775.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ciocchi, S., Herry, C., Grenier, F., Wolff, S.B.E., Letzkus, J.J., Vlachos, I., Ehrlich, I., Sprengel, R., Deisseroth, K., Stadler, M.B., Müller, C., Lüthi, A., 2010. Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits. Nature 468, 277–282.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Powsner, R.A., Palmer, M.R., Powsner, E.R., 2013. Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics and Instrumentation. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Plessis, J.J. du, 2007. German Corporate Governance in International and European Context. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Serra, P., Duocastella, M., Fernández-Pradas, J.M., Morenza, J.L., 2010. Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: A Laser-Based Technique for Biomolecules Printing, in: Ringeisen, B.R., Spargo, B.J., Wu, P.K. (Eds.), Cell and Organ Printing. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 53–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Empirical Finance.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. PLOS ONE To Require Public Access for Data [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. ICBM Modernization: Status, Survivable Basing Issues, and Need To Reestablish a National Consensus (No. NSIAD-86-200). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Slayton, K.A., 2013. A psychoeducational support group for families of youth experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson, G., 2015. The Gradual Extinction of Accepted Truths. New York Times D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donnenberg, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Donnenberg, 2000; Kummamuru and Soh, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kummamuru and Soh, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Ciocchi et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Empirical Finance
Abbreviation	J. Empir. Finance
ISSN (print)	0927-5398
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance