How to format your references using the Journal of Empirical Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Empirical Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor, J.P., 2013. Neuroscience. RNA that gets RAN in neurodegeneration. Science 339, 1282–1283.

A journal article with 2 authors

Diao, A., Lowe, M., 2004. Cell biology. The Golgi goes fission. Science 305, 48–49.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karl, M., Nowak, B., Gasenzer, T., 2013. Tuning universality far from equilibrium. Sci. Rep. 3, 2394.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mollereau, B., Dominguez, M., Webel, R., Colley, N.J., Keung, B., de Celis, J.F., Desplan, C., 2001. Two-step process for photoreceptor formation in Drosophila. Nature 412, 911–913.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baldi, P., Frasconi, P., Smyth, P., 2002. Modeling the Internet and the Web: Probabilistic Methods and Algorithms. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Pulinets, S., 2005. Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Ramos, N.M.M., Delgado, J.M.P.Q., Almeida, R.M.S.F., Simões, M.L., Manuel, S., 2016. Case Study, in: Delgado, J.M.P.Q., Almeida, R.M.S.F., Simões, M.L., Manuel, S. (Eds.), Application of Data Mining Techniques in the Analysis of Indoor Hygrothermal Conditions, SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 31–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Empirical Finance.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Scientists Observe Radioactive Decay In Action For First Time [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/scientists-see-radioactive-decay-first-time/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. Aviation Safety: Installation of Smoke Detection and Fire Suppression Systems in U.S. Transport Aircraft (No. RCED-98-54R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clavio, G., 2008. Uses and gratifications of Internet collegiate sport message board users (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2000. What Rhymes With Asbestos? An Urban Musical in Three Acts. New York Times 148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Taylor, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Diao and Lowe, 2004; Taylor, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Diao and Lowe, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Mollereau et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Empirical Finance
Abbreviation	J. Empir. Finance
ISSN (print)	0927-5398
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance