How to format your references using the Journal of Empirical Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Empirical Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Laursen, L., 2015. Botany: The cultivation of weed. Nature 525, S4-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rhoten, D., Parker, A., 2004. Education. Risks and rewards of an interdisciplinary research path. Science 306, 2046.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pertea, M., Salzberg, S.L., Gardner, M.J., 2000. Finding genes in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 404, 34; discussion 34-5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yamachika, R., Grobis, M., Wachowiak, A., Crommie, M.F., 2004. Controlled atomic doping of a single C60 molecule. Science 304, 281–284.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stahl, S., Stenson, C., 2013. Introduction to Topology and Geometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Volkmann, C.K., Tokarski, K.O., Ernst, K. (Eds.), 2012. Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business: An Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden.

A chapter in an edited book

Du, Y., Wang, R., Qu, J., 2013. Spike Train Pattern and Firing Synchronization in a Model of the Olfactory Mitral Cell, in: Guo, C., Hou, Z.-G., Zeng, Z. (Eds.), Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2013: 10th International Symposium on Neural Networks, Dalian, China, July 4-6, 2013, Proceedings, Part I, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 28–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Empirical Finance.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2015. Scientists Remove 12 Centimeter Plastic STRAW From Sea Turtle’s Nose [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sea-turtle-12cm-plastic-straw-stuck-her-nose/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1995. Transportation and Telecommunications Issue Area: Active Assignments (No. AA-95-21(4)). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davis, T.E., 2010. Sedimentation solutions for the Port of Gulfport, MS (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker, L., 2010. A Housing Project That Embraces A City and Nature. New York Times B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Laursen, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Laursen, 2015; Rhoten and Parker, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rhoten and Parker, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Yamachika et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Empirical Finance
Abbreviation	J. Empir. Finance
ISSN (print)	0927-5398
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance