How to format your references using the Journal of Empirical Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Empirical Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brower, A.V.Z., 2004. Comment on “Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation” (II). Science 303, 173; author reply 173.

A journal article with 2 authors

Amack, J.D., Manning, M.L., 2012. Knowing the boundaries: extending the differential adhesion hypothesis in embryonic cell sorting. Science 338, 212–215.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berken, A., Thomas, C., Wittinghofer, A., 2005. A new family of RhoGEFs activates the Rop molecular switch in plants. Nature 436, 1176–1180.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Stankovich, S., Dikin, D.A., Dommett, G.H.B., Kohlhaas, K.M., Zimney, E.J., Stach, E.A., Piner, R.D., Nguyen, S.T., Ruoff, R.S., 2006. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442, 282–286.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kuehni, R.G., 2004. Color. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Nickerson, A.B., 2009. Identifying, Assessing, and Treating PTSD at School, Developmental Psychopathology at School. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Schore, A.N., Newton, R.P., 2013. Using Modern Attachment Theory to Guide Clinical Assessments of Early Attachment Relationships, in: Bettmann, J.E., Demetri Friedman, D. (Eds.), Attachment-Based Clinical Work with Children and Adolescents. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 61–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Empirical Finance.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2013. Scientists Develop Beer That Doesn’t Give You A Hangover [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/hangover-free-beer-anyone/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2010. Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellites: Agencies Must Act Quickly to Address Risks That Jeopardize the Continuity of Weather and Climate Data (No. GAO-10-558). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garlapally, V., 2017. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Impact on Metamorphosis and Thyroid Development in African Clawed Frogs (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2010. Whimsical Boyfriends. New York Times E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brower, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Amack and Manning, 2012; Brower, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Amack and Manning, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Stankovich et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Empirical Finance
Abbreviation	J. Empir. Finance
ISSN (print)	0927-5398
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance