How to format your references using the Fine Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fine Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith C. 2005. Genomics: getting down to details. Nature. 435:991–94.

A journal article with 2 authors

Milton AL, Everitt BJ. 2012. Neuroscience. Wiping drug memories. Science. 336:167–68.

A journal article with 3 authors

Depew MJ, Lufkin T, Rubenstein JLR. 2002. Specification of jaw subdivisions by Dlx genes. Science. 298:381–85.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nimmo F, Spencer JR, Pappalardo RT, Mullen ME. 2007. Shear heating as the origin of the plumes and heat flux on Enceladus. Nature. 447:289–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hübschmann H-J. 2015. Handbook of GC-MS. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

An edited book

Clévy C, Rakotondrabe M, Chaillet N, eds. 2011. Signal Measurement and Estimation Techniques for Micro and Nanotechnology. New York, NY: Springer. X, 242 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Akinbami CAO, Olawoye JE, Adesina FA. 2016. Rural Women Belief System and Attitude Toward Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in Nigeria. In Climate Change Adaptation, Resilience and Hazards, ed W Leal Filho, H Musa, G Cavan, P O’Hare, J Seixas, pp. 49–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fine Focus.

Blog post

Andrews R. 2016. This Ancient Bug Within A Lizard Within A Snake Will Blow Your Mind. IFLScience. www.iflscience.com

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Toward the Moon, Asteroids, and Mars. 146025, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Etchberger JF. 2008. The cis-regulatory logic of gustatory neuron development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Doctoral dissertation thesis. Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. 2003. EVERYWHERE, “IN HONOR OF THE 300TH.” New York Times, April 20, p. 57

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (3, 4).
This sentence cites four references (4, 5, 7, 8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Fine Focus
ISSN (print)	2381-0637
Scope

Research and Writing Guides