How to format your references using the Journal of Electrocardiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Electrocardiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Maxmen A. Pharmacogenomics: playing the odds. Nature 2011;474:S9-10.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Levine AJ, Puzio-Kuter AM. The control of the metabolic switch in cancers by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Science 2010;330:1340–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Mottram DS, Wedzicha BL, Dodson AT. Acrylamide is formed in the Maillard reaction. Nature 2002;419:448–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Lamas-Linares A, Simon C, Howell JC, Bouwmeester D. Experimental quantum cloning of single photons. Science 2002;296:712–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ford I. Statistical Physics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Perron L, Trick MA, editors. Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems: 5th International Conference, CPAIOR 2008 Paris, France, May 20-23, 2008 Proceedings. vol. 5015. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Scaradavou A. Maternal HLA Typing and Cord Blood Unit Choice. In: Ballen K, editor. Umbilical Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 49–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Electrocardiology.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K. What Happens When You Mix Coca-Cola With Liquid Nitrogen? IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/what-happens-when-you-mix-cocacola-with-liquid-nitrogen/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety: Further Opportunities Exist to Improve Data on Crashes Involving Commercial Motor Vehicles. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Porter J. Closing the classroom door: Denying the political, embracing the moral. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Lyman R. Polish Parliament Acts to Upend Nation’s Courts. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Electrocardiology
Abbreviation	J. Electrocardiol.
ISSN (print)	0022-0736
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine