How to format your references using the Journal of Eastern African Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Eastern African Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smetacek, Victor. “Microbial Food Webs. The Ocean’s Veil.” Nature 419, no. 6907 (October 10, 2002): 565.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sommer, Marc A., and Robert H. Wurtz. “Influence of the Thalamus on Spatial Visual Processing in Frontal Cortex.” Nature 444, no. 7117 (November 16, 2006): 374–77.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fuerstman, Michael J., Piotr Garstecki, and George M. Whitesides. “Coding/Decoding and Reversibility of Droplet Trains in Microfluidic Networks.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 315, no. 5813 (February 9, 2007): 828–32.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Chen, Jia-Bin, Hong-Wen Gao, Ya-Lei Zhang, Yong Zhang, Xue-Fei Zhou, Chun-Qi Li, and Hai-Ping Gao. “Developmental Toxicity of Diclofenac and Elucidation of Gene Regulation in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio).” Scientific Reports 4 (May 2, 2014): 4841.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abner, David J. The ETF Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc., 2016.

An edited book

Hamer, Carol, ed. Creating Mobile Games: Using Java^TM ME Platform to Put the Fun into Your Mobile Device and Cell Phone. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Oliveira, A. C. M., and L. A. N. Lorena. “Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms and Clustering Search.” In Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms, edited by Ajith Abraham, Crina Grosan, and Hisao Ishibuchi, 77–99. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Eastern African Studies.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. “Retired Man Solves Decades-Old Maths Problems While Brushing His Teeth.” IFLScience. IFLScience, April 5, 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/retired-man-solves-decadesold-maths-problems-while-brushing-his-teeth/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Telecommunications: State and Federal Actions to Curb Slamming and Cramming.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 27, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kerr, Angie Burwell. “Exploring Relationship Awareness in Organizational Change Using the Strength Deployment Inventory.” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gelles, David, and Michael J. de la MERCED. “Staples to Sell for $6.9 Billion, and Its New Owner Has an Uphill Battle.” New York Times, June 28, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Eastern African Studies
Abbreviation	J. East. Afr. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1753-1055
ISSN (online)	1753-1063
Scope	History Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies Political Science and International Relations