How to format your references using the Journal of Eastern African Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Eastern African Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaplan, Karen. “Unmasking the Impostor.” Nature 459, no. 7245 (May 21, 2009): 468–69.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tozer, Samuel, and Xavier Morin. “Neuroscience. Young Neurons Sever Ties to the Parental Niche.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 343, no. 6167 (January 10, 2014): 146–47.

A journal article with 3 authors

Depège, Nathalie, Stéphane Bellafiore, and Jean-David Rochaix. “Role of Chloroplast Protein Kinase Stt7 in LHCII Phosphorylation and State Transition in Chlamydomonas.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 299, no. 5612 (March 7, 2003): 1572–75.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Schneider, R., A. Ferrara, R. Salvaterra, K. Omukai, and V. Bromm. “Low-Mass Relics of Early Star Formation.” Nature 422, no. 6934 (April 24, 2003): 869–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Collier, Christopher G. Hydrometeorology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016.

An edited book

Robinson, Philip, Harald Vogt, and Waleed Wagealla, eds. Privacy, Security and Trust within the Context of Pervasive Computing. Vol. 780. The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Garza Castañón, Luis E., Deneb Robles Guillén, and Ruben Morales-Menendez. “Fault Diagnosis in Power Networks with Hybrid Bayesian Networks and Wavelets.” In Modern Approaches in Applied Intelligence: 24th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2011, Syracuse, NY, USA, June 28 – July 1, 2011, Proceedings, Part I, edited by Kishan G. Mehrotra, Chilukuri K. Mohan, Jae C. Oh, Pramod K. Varshney, and Moonis Ali, 29–38. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Eastern African Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. “Bizarre, Ghost-Like Animal Sets New Record For Deepest Living Fish.” IFLScience. IFLScience, December 19, 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bizarre-ghost-animal-new-record-deepest-living-fish/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Index Digest of the Published Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Volumes 66-70, September 1991.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 30, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Policarpio, Alyssa Mae. “Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Typically Developing Siblings, and Parents: A Systematic Review of the Literature.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Christopher. “A Fresh Discovery, Three Decades in the Making.” New York Times, April 8, 2012.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Eastern African Studies
Abbreviation	J. East. Afr. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1753-1055
ISSN (online)	1753-1063
Scope	History Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies Political Science and International Relations