How to format your references using the Journal of Earth System Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Earth System Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Agnew, B. 2000. RESEARCH ETHICS: Studies Trace Patchwork of Conflict Policies. Science (New York, N.Y.) 290: 1873a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rieseberg, Loren H., and John H. Willis. 2007. Plant speciation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 317: 910–914.

A journal article with 3 authors

Palla, Gergely, Albert-László Barabási, and Tamás Vicsek. 2007. Quantifying social group evolution. Nature 446: 664–667.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Long, Tara C., Mounir Errami, Angela C. George, Zhaohui Sun, and Harold R. Garner. 2009. Scientific integrity. Responding to possible plagiarism. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323: 1293–1294.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pan, George W. 2003. Wavelets in Electromagnetics and Device Modeling. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Anbar, Ran D., ed. 2012. Functional Respiratory Disorders: When Respiratory Symptoms Do Not Respond to Pulmonary Treatment. Respiratory Medicine. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Clover, Darlene E., Bruno de O. Jayme, Budd L. Hall, and Shirley Follen. 2013. Global Environmental Adult Education Praxis and Stories. In The Nature of Transformation: Environmental Adult Education, ed. Bruno de O. Jayme, Budd L. Hall, and Shirley Follen, 89–113. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Earth System Science.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2014. Solar Storms Could Hit Earth This Friday 13th. IFLScience. IFLScience. June 13.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Advanced Imaging Technology: TSA Needs Additional Information before Procuring Next-Generation Systems. GAO-14-357. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Small, Christopher Robert. 2013. An investigation on the effect(s) of different modes of intervention for weight management on HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol production among United States veterans. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda. 2007. Judge Selection To Be Reviewed By U.S. Justices. New York Times, February 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Agnew 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Agnew 2000; Rieseberg and Willis 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rieseberg and Willis 2007)
Three or more authors: (Long et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Earth System Science
ISSN (print)	0253-4126
ISSN (online)	0973-774X
Scope