How to format your references using the Journal of Earth System Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Earth System Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ghosh, Tushar. 2015. STRETCHABLE ELECTRONICS. Stretch, wrap, and relax to smartness. Science (New York, N.Y.) 349: 382–383.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aldecoa, Rodrigo, and Ignacio Marín. 2013. Exploring the limits of community detection strategies in complex networks. Scientific reports 3: 2216.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tingley, Morgan W., Lyndon D. Estes, and David S. Wilcove. 2013. Ecosystems: climate change must not blow conservation off course. Nature 500: 271–272.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Nishiyama, M., K. Hong, K. Mikoshiba, M. M. Poo, and K. Kato. 2000. Calcium stores regulate the polarity and input specificity of synaptic modification. Nature 408: 584–588.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dimond, Bridgit. 2016. Legal Aspects of Mental Capacity. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Choi, Seung Ho, and Kazunori Kasama, ed. 2014. Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Castillo, Enrique, and Alfonso Fernández-Canteli. 2009. Crack Growth Models. In A Unified Statistical Methodology for Modeling Fatigue Damage, ed. Alfonso Fernández-Canteli, 129–157. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Earth System Science.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. Boys Should Also Get The HPV Vaccine To Protect Themselves From Oral And Genital Cancers. IFLScience. IFLScience. October 10.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1978. International Education Programs. 094706. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mukherjee, Niloy. 2003. Development of High Sensitivity Bending Mode Polymer Piezoelectric Devices for Inner Ear Implantation. Doctoral dissertation, Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2011. Observing the Journey of a Lacrosse Pioneer, McPhee Style. New York Times, May 27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ghosh 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Aldecoa and Marín 2013; Ghosh 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aldecoa and Marín 2013)
Three or more authors: (Nishiyama et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Earth System Science
ISSN (print)	0253-4126
ISSN (online)	0973-774X
Scope