How to format your references using the Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bates GP. BIOMEDICINE: One Misfolded Protein Allows Others to Sneak By. Science. 2006;311(5766):1385-1386.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dasgupta PS, Ehrlich PR. Pervasive externalities at the population, consumption, and environment nexus. Science. 2013;340(6130):324-328.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baram M, Chatain D, Kaplan WD. Nanometer-thick equilibrium films: the interface between thermodynamics and atomistics. Science. 2011;332(6026):206-209.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Huiskes R, Ruimerman R, van Lenthe GH, Janssen JD. Effects of mechanical forces on maintenance and adaptation of form in trabecular bone. Nature. 2000;405(6787):704-706.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ahonen TT, Kasper T, Melkko S. 3G Marketing. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Cherubini U, Durante F, Mulinacci S, eds. Marshall ̶ Olkin Distributions - Advances in Theory and Applications: Bologna, Italy, October 2013. Vol 141. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Koifman A, Chitayat D, Bashiri A. Genetics of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. In: Bashiri A, Harlev A, Agarwal A, eds. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Evidence-Based Evaluation, Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer International Publishing; 2016:53-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications.

Blog post

Luntz S. Researcher Confirms The Effectiveness Of Fertility Technique That Led To His Conception. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FCC: Redesignating and Reallocating Frequency Bands and Establishing Rules and Policies for Local Multipoint Distribution Service and Fixed Satellite Services. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Xiao S. Effects of Adsorbates on the Electronic Properties of Graphene. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Almosawa S, Hubbard B. Blast ‘So Vile’ It Could Alter War in Yemen. New York Times. October 10, 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Abbreviation	J. Diabetes Complications
ISSN (print)	1056-8727
Scope	Endocrinology Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine