How to format your references using the Journal of Dental Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Dental Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lubensky TC. LIQUID CRYSTALS: New Banana Phases. Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2146–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

LaCour MJ, Green DP. Political science. When contact changes minds: an experiment on transmission of support for gay equality. Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1366–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang G, Jiang X, Wang E. Tubular graphite cones. Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):472–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fecko CJ, Eaves JD, Loparo JJ, Tokmakoff A, Geissler PL. Ultrafast hydrogen-bond dynamics in the infrared spectroscopy of water. Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1698–702.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gianni R. Responsibility and Freedom. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Artho C, Ölveczky PC, editors. Formal Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems: Second International Workshop, FTSCS 2013, Queenstown, New Zealand, October 29--30, 2013. Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. X, 297 p. 91 illus. (Communications in Computer and Information Science; vol. 419).

A chapter in an edited book

Fang J, Li M, Shi P. Mapping Flood Risk of the World. In: Shi P, Kasperson R, editors. World Atlas of Natural Disaster Risk. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 69–102. (IHDP/Future Earth-Integrated Risk Governance Project Series).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Dental Education.

Blog post

Andrew E. Hot Weather And CO2 Made The Tropics A No-Go Zone For Early Plant-Eating Dinosaurs [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hot-weather-and-co2-made-tropics-no-go-zone-early-plant-eating-dinosaurs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Non-U.S.-Licensed Satellites Providing Domestic and International Service in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Dec. Report No.: OGC-98-18.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Salam S. Interplay between Fines Content and Strength Characteristics of CA 6 and CA 2 Crushed Limestone Aggregate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. . . . And the Upper West Side Loses Its Plain-Vanilla Grocery. New York Times. 2001 Dec 16;1410.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Dental Education
Abbreviation	J. Dent. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0022-0337
ISSN (online)	1930-7837
Scope	General Medicine