How to format your references using the Journal of Dental Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Dental Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baird BN. Comment on “Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk.” Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):615; author reply 615.

A journal article with 2 authors

Albert AYK, Otto SP. Sexual selection can resolve sex-linked sexual antagonism. Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):119–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mazmanian SK, Round JL, Kasper DL. A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):620–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li R, Ma T, Gu J, Liang X, Li S. Imbalanced network biomarkers for traditional Chinese medicine Syndrome in gastritis patients. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1543.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Epperlein PW. Semiconductor Laser Engineering, Reliability and Diagnostics. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Schouten B, Fedtke S, Schijven M, Vosmeer M, Gekker A, editors. Games for Health 2014: Proceedings of the 4th conference on gaming and playful interaction in healthcare. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden; 2014. X, 154 p. 30 illus., 28 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Aldini A, Corradini F, Bernardo M. Component-Oriented Modeling. In: Bernardo M, Corradini F, editors. A Process Algebraic Approach to Software Architecture Design. London: Springer; 2010. p. 127–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Dental Education.

Blog post

Fang J. Researchers Inject Tiny, Rolled-Up Electronics into the Brain Using a Syringe [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/researchers-inject-tiny-rolled-electronics-brain-using-syringe/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Potential Impact of National Security Decision Directive 145 on Civil Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985 Jun. Report No.: 127279.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tickner A. Production and consumption at the hillfort site of Mont Dardon, France: An archeobotanical analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus S. A Resilient Figure Stumbles, and Her Fans Wince in Turn. New York Times. 2016 Sep 12;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Dental Education
Abbreviation	J. Dent. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0022-0337
ISSN (online)	1930-7837
Scope	General Medicine