How to format your references using the Journal of Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Herschbach, D. (2000). Kent R. Wilson (1937-2000). Nature, 405(6789), 902.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aderem, A., & Ulevitch, R. J. (2000). Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature, 406(6797), 782–787.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ye, Y., Meyer, H. H., & Rapoport, T. A. (2001). The AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 and its partners transport proteins from the ER into the cytosol. Nature, 414(6864), 652–656.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Vaida, V., Kjaergaard, H. G., Hintze, P. E., & Donaldson, D. J. (2003). Photolysis of sulfuric acid vapor by visible solar radiation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5612), 1566–1568.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Choudhry, M. (2010). Fixed Income Securities and Derivatives Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Martínez-Martín, E. (2012). Robust Motion Detection in Real-Life Scenarios (Á. P. del Pobil, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Vetter, T. R. (2011). Assessment Tools in Pediatric Chronic Pain: Reliability and Validity. In B. C. McClain & S. Suresh (Eds.), Handbook of Pediatric Chronic Pain: Current Science and Integrative Practice (pp. 63–85). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, January 30). Researchers Aim To Create Remote-Controlled Dragonflies. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/researchers-aim-to-create-remotecontrolled-dragonflies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Report to the Secretary, HEW, on the National Direct Student Loan Delinquency Rate (HRD-77-17). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morgan, T. M. (2017). Do You See What I See? How Symbol Integration Facilitates Responsibility to Self and Culture [Doctoral dissertation]. Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2014, March 25). Can’t Play by the Rules? It’s Fine by Mr. Monopoly. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Herschbach, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Aderem & Ulevitch, 2000; Herschbach, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aderem & Ulevitch, 2000)
Three authors: (Ye et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Vaida et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	J. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0047-2352
Scope	Applied Psychology Social Psychology Law Sociology and Political Science

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