How to format your references using the Journal of Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Simmons, D. (2000). Madame Bovary, c’est moi. Nature, 407(6801), 137.

A journal article with 2 authors

Andersson, A. F., & Banfield, J. F. (2008). Virus population dynamics and acquired virus resistance in natural microbial communities. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5879), 1047–1050.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bida, T. A., Killen, R. M., & Morgan, T. H. (2000). Discovery of calcium in Mercury’s atmosphere. Nature, 404(6774), 159–161.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Shin, T., Kraemer, D., Pryor, J., Liu, L., Rugila, J., Howe, L., Buck, S., Murphy, K., Lyons, L., & Westhusin, M. (2002). A cat cloned by nuclear transplantation. Nature, 415(6874), 859.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bakker, J., & Clarke, R. J. (2011). Wine Flavour Chemistry. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Zagal, J. H., Bedioui, F., & Dodelet, J.-P. (Eds.). (2006). N4-Macrocyclic Metal Complexes. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Savransky, M. (2016). Modes of Connection. In I. Stengers (Ed.), The Adventure of Relevance: An Ethics of Social Inquiry (pp. 121–151). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Bedell-Pearce, H. (2017, May 19). Company Wants To Tow Icebergs, And Seemingly Penguins And Polar Bears Along With Them. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/company-wants-to-tow-icebergs-and-seemingly-penguins-and-polar-bears-along-with-them/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2002). Aviation Finance: Distribution of Airport Grant Funds Complied with Statutory Requirements (GAO-02-283). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bowles, A. (2012). The development of a standard of care for competency to stand trial evaluations [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1993, January 2). Clinton, Off and Running, Sees the Sun Rise on ’93. New York Times, 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Simmons, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Andersson & Banfield, 2008; Simmons, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Andersson & Banfield, 2008)
Three authors: (Bida et al., 2000)
6 or more authors: (Shin et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	J. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0047-2352
Scope	Applied Psychology Social Psychology Law Sociology and Political Science