How to format your references using the Journal of Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Watanabe, S. (2015). Slow or fast? A tale of synaptic vesicle recycling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 350(6256), 46–47.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tyers, M., & Mann, M. (2003). From genomics to proteomics. Nature, 422(6928), 193–197.

A journal article with 3 authors

Laxon, S., Peacock, N., & Smith, D. (2003). High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region. Nature, 425(6961), 947–950.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Marcikic, I., de Riedmatten, H., Tittel, W., Zbinden, H., & Gisin, N. (2003). Long-distance teleportation of qubits at telecommunication wavelengths. Nature, 421(6922), 509–513.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Datta, T. K. (2010). Seismic Analysis of Structures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Folgueras Méndez, J., Aznielle Rodríguez, T. Y., Calderón Marín, C. F., Llanusa Ruiz, S. B., Castro Medina, J., Vega Vázquez, H., Carballo Barreda, M., & Rodríguez Rojas, R. (Eds.). (2013). V Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2011 May 16-21, 2011, Habana, Cuba: Sustainable Technologies for the Health of All (Vol. 33). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Stepien, A., Koivurova, T., Gremsperger, A., & Niemi, H. (2014). Arctic Indigenous Peoples and the Challenge of Climate Change. In E. Tedsen, S. Cavalieri, & R. A. Kraemer (Eds.), Arctic Marine Governance: Opportunities for Transatlantic Cooperation (pp. 71–99). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Criminal Justice.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016, December 27). Scientists May Have Discovered A New State Of Liquid Water. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/scientists-may-have-discovered-a-new-state-of-liquid-water/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Higher Education: Multiple Higher Education Tax Incentives Create Opportunities for Taxpayers to Make Costly Mistakes (GAO-08-717T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Woo, C. (2008). Cross-Cultural Encounter and the Novel: Nation, Identity, and Genre in Nineteenth-Century British Literature [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kinsley, M. (2017, May 13). Can There Be Nothing Good to Say? New York Times, SR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Watanabe, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Tyers & Mann, 2003; Watanabe, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tyers & Mann, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Marcikic et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	J. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0047-2352
Scope	Applied Psychology Social Psychology Law Sociology and Political Science