How to format your references using the Journal of Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clarke, T. (2003). Infection risk puts the brakes on Canada’s biomedical research. Nature, 422(6933), 652.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alcorn, J. F., & Kolls, J. K. (2015). Physiology. Killer fat. Science (New York, N.Y.), 347(6217), 26–27.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miake, J., Marbán, E., & Nuss, H. B. (2002). Biological pacemaker created by gene transfer. Nature, 419(6903), 132–133.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Huitema, H. E., Gelinck, G. H., van der Putten, J. B., Kuijk, K. E., Hart, C. M., Cantatore, E., Herwig, P. T., van Breemen, A. J., & de Leeuw, D. M. (2001). Plastic transistors in active-matrix displays. The handling of grey levels by these large displays paves the way for electronic paper. Nature, 414(6864), 599.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fulton, B. S. (2014). Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Addiction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Billett, S. (Ed.). (2010). Learning Through Practice: Models, Traditions, Orientations and Approaches (Vol. 1). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Schnars, U., Falldorf, C., Watson, J., & Jüptner, W. (2015). Digital Holographic Interferometry (DHI). In C. Falldorf, J. Watson, & W. Jüptner (Eds.), Digital Holography and Wavefront Sensing: Principles, Techniques and Applications (pp. 69–94). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, March 6). Air Pollution Kills More Children Globally Than Malaria. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Traffic Safety Programs: Progress, States’ Challenges, and Issues for Reauthorization (GAO-08-990T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Plumer, D. R. (2010). The relationship between earned value management metrics and customer satisfaction [Doctoral dissertation]. Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J. (2017, August 18). Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times, MM20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clarke, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Alcorn & Kolls, 2015; Clarke, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Alcorn & Kolls, 2015)
Three authors: (Miake et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Huitema et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	J. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0047-2352
Scope	Applied Psychology Social Psychology Law Sociology and Political Science