How to format your references using the Journal of Contemporary Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Contemporary Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Oreskes N. Beyond the ivory tower. The scientific consensus on climate change. Science 2004;306(5702):1686.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nakar E, Piran T. Detectable radio flares following gravitational waves from mergers of binary neutron stars. Nature 2011;478(7367):82–84.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bao H, Lyons JR, Zhou C. Triple oxygen isotope evidence for elevated CO2 levels after a Neoproterozoic glaciation. Nature 2008;453(7194):504–506.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Anderson TM, Neiwert WA, Kirk ML et al. A late-transition metal oxo complex: K7Na9[O=PtIV(H2O)L2], L = [PW9O34]9-. Science 2004;306(5704):2074–2077.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins D. Reading Paradise Lost. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Hossain E, Leung K, eds. Wireless Mesh Networks: Architectures and Protocols. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Selway J, Culhane N, Labuszewski J, McGonegal J, O’Brien W. Intermarket Competition: Listing Decisions. In: Colaninno A, Byrne JA, Schwartz RA, eds. Competition in a Consolidating Environment. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008:37–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Contemporary Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. New Zealand River Is Given Same Legal Rights As Humans. IFLScience 2017. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/new-zealand-river-is-given-same-legal-rights-as-humans/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Business Systems Modernization: Scope and Content of DOD’s Congressional Report and Executive Oversight of Investments Need to Improve. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Payan Venegas R. Factors associated with the lack of a regular health care provider for Latinos: Consequences and reasons. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. End of the World, in Jersey. New York Times. March 1, 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Contemporary Medicine
ISSN (online)	2146-6009
Scope