How to format your references using the Journal of Contemporary Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Contemporary Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Toms DJ. Quantum gravitational contributions to quantum electrodynamics. Nature 2010;468(7320):56–59.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang F, Lee D-H. The electron-pairing mechanism of iron-based superconductors. Science 2011;332(6026):200–204.

A journal article with 3 authors

Esper J, Cook ER, Schweingruber FH. Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies for reconstructing past temperature variability. Science 2002;295(5563):2250–2253.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nussey DH, Postma E, Gienapp P, Visser ME. Selection on heritable phenotypic plasticity in a wild bird population. Science 2005;310(5746):304–306.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brillson LJ. An Essential Guide to Electronic Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Friedman ES. Handbook of Depression. (Anderson IM, ed.). Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd.; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Rossiter JA, Pluymers B, De Moor B. The Potential of Interpolation for Simplifying Predictive Control and Application to LPV Systems. In: Findeisen R, Allgöwer F, Biegler LT, eds. Assessment and Future Directions of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007:63–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Contemporary Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Could Megalodon Still Live In The Deep Ocean? IFLScience 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/could-megalodon-still-live-deep-ocean/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Test Facility: Civilian Agency Use of Supercomputers Not Feasible. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tahira A. Synthesis of Bivalent Organothiophosphate Inhibitors and Their Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase: Studies towards a Potential Treatment of Cognitive Loss Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. In Great Neck, a Debate On Firefighter Housing. New York Times. March 26, 2006:14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Contemporary Medicine
ISSN (online)	2146-6009
Scope