How to format your references using the Journal of Computational Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Computational Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dabby DS (2008) Music theory. Creating musical variation. Science 320:62–63

A journal article with 2 authors

Anglada-Escudé G, Tuomi M (2015) Exoplanet detection. Comment on “Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581.” Science 347:1080

A journal article with 3 authors

Hammami A, Raymond N, Armand M (2003) Lithium-ion batteries: runaway risk of forming toxic compounds. Nature 424:635–636

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gibbs DJ, Lee SC, Isa NM, et al (2011) Homeostatic response to hypoxia is regulated by the N-end rule pathway in plants. Nature 479:415–418

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pinoli J-C (2014) Mathematical Foundations of Image Processing and Analysis 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Misery L, Ständer S (2010) Pruritus. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Baskin D, Sommers I, Baskin-Sommers A (2013) Methamphetamine Use, Personality Traits, and High-Risk Behaviors. In: Sanders B, Thomas YF, Griffin Deeds B (eds) Crime, HIV and Health: Intersections of Criminal Justice and Public Health Concerns. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 95–111

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Computational Surgery.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) NASA Picks Groin Airlock As Winner Of Space Poop Competition. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-groin-airlock-winner-space-poop-competition/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Federal Program To Strengthen Developing Institutions of Higher Education Lacks Direction. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ethridge G (2012) Determining the variables that contribute to job tenure for people with psychiatric disabilities participating in an evidenced-based supported employment program. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B (2016) At 8 Feet Tall, He Sat Down and Started Getting Noticed. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Computational Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Comput. Surg.
ISSN (online)	2194-3990
Scope