How to format your references using the Journal of Computational Design and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Computational Design and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spitzer, N. C. (2006). Electrical activity in early neuronal development. Nature, 444(7120), 707–712.

A journal article with 2 authors

Makeyev, E. V., & Maniatis, T. (2008). Multilevel regulation of gene expression by microRNAs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5871), 1789–1790.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aitkaliyeva, A., Chen, D., & Shao, L. (2013). Phonon transport assisted by inter-tube carbon displacements in carbon nanotube mats. Scientific Reports, 3, 2774.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sakai, H., Honma, T., Aoyama, T., Sato, S., Kato, T., Tabata, S., & Oka, A. (2001). ARR1, a transcription factor for genes immediately responsive to cytokinins. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5546), 1519–1521.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paret, D. (2012). Flexray and its Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Claypool, M., & Uhlig, S. (Eds.). (2008). Passive and Active Network Measurement: 9th International Conference, PAM 2008, Cleveland, OH, USA, April 29-30, 2008. Proceedings (Vol. 4979). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hansen, M. R., & Kristensen, J. T. (2008). Experiences with Functional Programming in an Introductory Curriculum. In J. Bennedsen, M. E. Caspersen, & M. Kölling (Eds.), Reflections on the Teaching of Programming: Methods and Implementations (pp. 30–46). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Computational Design and Engineering.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, April 16). Earth “Ate” Another Planet Early In Its History. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/early-earth-gobbled-mercury-body/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Deferral of Energy Research and Development Administration Budget Authority (OGC-77-23). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moore, A. M. (2010). Assessing the demand for simplified stormwater modeling tools within the design profession to facilitate the adoption of sustainable stormwater practices [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, June 6). Pelé Remains the Last Word in a Changed World. New York Times, SP8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Spitzer, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Makeyev & Maniatis, 2008; Spitzer, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Makeyev & Maniatis, 2008)
Three authors: (Aitkaliyeva et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Sakai et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
ISSN (print)	2288-4300
Scope