How to format your references using the Journal of Compassionate Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Compassionate Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Grindlay JE. Astronomy. A neutron star in F-sharp. Science. 2006;311:1876–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hathaway DH, Rightmire L. Variations in the Sun’s meridional flow over a solar cycle. Science. 2010;327:1350–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Han C, Ding H, Lv F. Demonstration of a refractometric sensor based on an optical micro-fiber three-beam interferometer. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7504.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Katayama Y, Mizutani T, Utsumi W, Shimomura O, Yamakata M, Funakoshi K. A first-order liquid-liquid phase transition in phosphorus. Nature. 2000;403:170–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Potter L. The Life of William Shakespeare. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Aberdein A, Dove IJ, editors. The Argument of Mathematics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Szathmary L, Valtchev P, Napoli A. Finding Minimal Rare Itemsets and Rare Association Rules. In: Bi Y, Williams M-A, editors. Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management: 4th International Conference, KSEM 2010, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, September 1-3, 2010 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 16–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Compassionate Health Care.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. NASA Debuts 3D Images Of Mars’ Weird And Wonderful Polar Ice Caps. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Assessing the Federal Program for Strengthening Developing Institutions of Higher Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975 Oct. Report No.: MWD-76-1.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shibata CL. Building positive body image in adolescent girls: An evaluation of a body image prevention program [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Chase Is Over, But Pressure Is Still On. New York Times. 2010 Aug 5;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Compassionate Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Compassionate Health Care
ISSN (online)	2053-2393
Scope