How to format your references using the Journal of Compassionate Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Compassionate Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Flicek P. Journal club. A computational geneticist looks at mechanisms of chromosomal evolution. Nature. 2010;463:713.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Yuan Q, Zhao Y-P. Wetting on flexible hydrophilic pillar-arrays. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1944.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Tibi R, Wiens DA, Inoue H. Remote triggering of deep earthquakes in the 2002 Tonga sequences. Nature. 2003;424:921–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nelson CM, Vanduijn MM, Inman JL, Fletcher DA, Bissell MJ. Tissue geometry determines sites of mammary branching morphogenesis in organotypic cultures. Science. 2006;314:298–300.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lyatkher VM. Seismic Loads. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

1. Gouliamos AD, Andreou J, Kosmidis P, editors. Imaging in Clinical Oncology. Milano: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Al-Tubaikh JA. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. In: Al-Tubaikh JA, editor. Internal Medicine: An Illustrated Radiological Guide. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 39–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Compassionate Health Care.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. No, Aliens Did Not Hack Voyager 2 Back In 2010 [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/no-aliens-did-not-hack-voyager-2-back-in-2010/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. University Finances: Research Revenues and Expenditures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986 Jul. Report No.: RCED-86-162BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hoang V. Software maintenance: A program slicer using cross referencer [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. de la MERCED MJ. A Flat First Day For Blue Apron. New York Times. 2017 Jun 29;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Compassionate Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Compassionate Health Care
ISSN (online)	2053-2393
Scope