How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Faubert J. Professional athletes have extraordinary skills for rapidly learning complex and neutral dynamic visual scenes. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1154.

A journal article with 2 authors

Win MN, Smolke CD. Higher-order cellular information processing with synthetic RNA devices. Science. 2008;322:456-460.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chouard T, Weiss U, Dhand R. Good “omics” for the poor? Nature. 2002;419:489.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lopez-Vaamonde C, Koning JW, Brown RM, Jordan WC, Bourke AFG. Social parasitism by male-producing reproductive workers in a eusocial insect. Nature. 2004;430:557-560.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Breitmaier E. Vom NMR-Spektrum zur Strukturformel organischer Verbindungen. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Matta A, Semeraro Q, eds. Design of Advanced Manufacturing Systems: Models for Capacity Planning in Advanced Manufacturing Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Hansson A, Goossens K. Allocation. In: Goossens K, ed. On-Chip Interconnect with Aelite: Composable and Predictable Systems. Embedded Systems. New York, NY: Springer; 2011:69-102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew D. Two-Headed Cobra Found In China. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/two-headed-cobra-found-china/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FBI: Advanced Communications Technologies Pose Wiretapping Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cook MM. An Examination of the Proportion of Special Education Students in Single-Parent Homes in Comparison to Regular Education Students in Similar Households. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Seligman MEP, Tierney J. We Aren’t Built to Live in the Moment. New York Times. May 19, 2017:SR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Sleep Med.
ISSN (print)	1550-9389
ISSN (online)	1550-9397
Scope	Clinical Neurology Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Neurology