How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Paytan A. Global change. Iron uncertainty. Nature. 2000;406:468-469.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koch C, Hepp K. Quantum mechanics in the brain. Nature. 2006;440:611.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sakuno T, Tada K, Watanabe Y. Kinetochore geometry defined by cohesion within the centromere. Nature. 2009;458:852-858.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sureshkumar S, Todesco M, Schneeberger K, Harilal R, Balasubramanian S, Weigel D. A genetic defect caused by a triplet repeat expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science. 2009;323:1060-1063.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gray KA, Paschkewitz JJ. Next Generation HALT and HASS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Mauri JL, Thampi SM, Rawat DB, Jin D, eds. Security in Computing and Communications: Second International Symposium, SSCC 2014, Delhi, India, September 24-27, 2014. Proceedings. Vol 467. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Richmond S, Al Ali AM, Beldie L, et al. Detailing Patient Specific Modeling to Aid Clinical Decision-Making. In: Calvo Lopez B, Peña E, eds. Patient-Specific Computational Modeling. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012:105-131.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Rise Of Sexual Inequality In Ancient China Revealed In Bones. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rise-of-sexual-inequality-in-ancient-china-revealed-in-bones/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Financing College Facilities: Factors Limit Connie Lee’s Ability to Help More Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Randolph JL. A Mixed-Methods Investigation of FMS Shoulder Mobility and Reported Upper Body Injury in Collegiate Football Athletes at a Division II Midwestern University. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller B. Prudence or Power Grab? Cuomo Adds Troopers to New York City. New York Times. June 26, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Sleep Med.
ISSN (print)	1550-9389
ISSN (online)	1550-9397
Scope	Clinical Neurology Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Neurology