Reference management. Clean and simple.

200,000+ happy users

How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1.
Knapp S. Evolution. What, where, and when? Science. 2013;341(6151):1182-1184.
A journal article with 2 authors
1.
Linhardt RJ, Toida T. Tech.Sight. Capillary electrophoresis. Ultra-high resolution separation comes of age. Science. 2002;298(5597):1441-1442.
A journal article with 3 authors
1.
Rubinstein SM, Cohen G, Fineberg J. Detachment fronts and the onset of dynamic friction. Nature. 2004;430(7003):1005-1009.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
1.
Yoshimaru T, Komatsu M, Tashiro E, et al. Xanthohumol suppresses oestrogen-signalling in breast cancer through the inhibition of BIG3-PHB2 interactions. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7355.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1.
Kampen TU. Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductors. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.
An edited book
1.
Li D, ed. Computer And Computing Technologies In Agriculture, Volume II: First IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture (CCTA 2007), Wuyishan, China, August 18-20, 2007. Vol 259. Springer US; 2008.
A chapter in an edited book
1.
Vazquez R, Krstic M. 2D Navier–Stokes Channel Flow: Boundary Stabilization. In: Krstic M, ed. Control of Turbulent and Magnetohydrodynamic Channel Flows: Boundary Stabilization and State Estimation. Systems&Control: Foundations&Applications. Birkhäuser; 2008:71-102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma.

Blog post
1.
Evans K. The 20 Best High-Paying Jobs In America For 2017. IFLScience. Published January 11, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/the-20-best-high-paying-jobs-in-america-for-2017/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1.
Government Accountability Office. Financial Management: Assessment of the Airline Industry’s Estimated Losses Arising From the Events of September 11. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1.
Griner KF. The Effectiveness of the Integrative Career Counseling Model. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1.
Vecsey G. Even the Reliable Must Face the Inevitable. New York Times. December 20, 2009:SP2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference 1.
This sentence cites two references 1,2.
This sentence cites four references 1–4.

About the journal

Full journal titleJournal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
AbbreviationJ. Clin. Orthop. Trauma
ISSN (print)0976-5662
ScopeOrthopedics and Sports Medicine

Other styles