How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Duncan R: Earth science: Deadly combination. Nature 527:172–173, 2015

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Narbonne P, Roy R: Caenorhabditis elegans dauers need LKB1/AMPK to ration lipid reserves and ensure long-term survival. Nature 457:210–214, 2009

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gong M, Kirkeminde A, Ren S: Symmetry-defying iron pyrite (FeS₂) nanocrystals through oriented attachment. Sci Rep 3:2092, 2013

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Makarova TL, Sundqvist B, Höhne R, et al: Magnetic carbon. Nature 413:716–718, 2001

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tjong SC: Polymer Composites with Carbonaceous Nanofillers. Weinheim, Germany, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012

An edited book

1. Emmer M, Quarteroni A (eds): Mathknow: Mathematics, Applied Sciences and Real Life. Milano, Springer, 2009

A chapter in an edited book

1. Carballal A, Perez R, Santos A, et al: A Complexity Approach for Identifying Aesthetic Composite Landscapes, in Romero J, McDermott J, Correia J (eds): Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design: Third European Conference, EvoMUSART 2014, Granada, Spain, April 23-25, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2014, pp 50–61

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Luntz S: Kepler Telescope Back With New Exoplanet Discovery [Internet]. IFLScience , 2014[cited 2018 Oct 30] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/kepler-back-new-exoplanet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office: Highway Projects: Many Federal and State Environmental Review Requirements Are Similar, and Little Duplication of Effort Occurs. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shenasi SY: The Roots of Music Therapy: Healing the Wounds of the Psyche, 2015

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shear MD, Glanz J: Trump Says U.S. Should ‘Expand’ Nuclear Ability. New York Times A1, 2016

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^{1, 2}.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0732-183X
ISSN (online)	1527-7755
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology