How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heaven, M.C. Chemistry. Turn the Molecule This Way for a Faster Reaction. Science 2013, 342, 46–47.

A journal article with 2 authors

Andreae, M.O.; Ramanathan, V. Climate Change. Climate’s Dark Forcings. Science 2013, 340, 280–281.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aubert, J.; Finlay, C.C.; Fournier, A. Bottom-up Control of Geomagnetic Secular Variation by the Earth’s Inner Core. Nature 2013, 502, 219–223.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Brown, K.S.; Marean, C.W.; Herries, A.I.R.; Jacobs, Z.; Tribolo, C.; Braun, D.; Roberts, D.L.; Meyer, M.C.; Bernatchez, J. Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans. Science 2009, 325, 859–862.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smed, J.; Hakonen, H. Algorithms and Networking for Computer Games; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2017; ISBN 9781119259770.

An edited book

Neural Networks: Tricks of the Trade: Second Edition; Montavon, G., Orr, G.B., Müller, K.-R., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012; Vol. 7700; ISBN 9783642352881.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, W. FSK Modulation and Demodulation Analysis Based on Matlab. In Information and Business Intelligence: International Conference, IBI 2011, Chongqing, China, December 23-25, 2011. Proceedings, Part I; Qu, X., Yang, Y., Eds.; Communications in Computer and Information Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012; pp. 26–32 ISBN 9783642290831.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Blog post

Andrews, R. Researchers Exploring Egyptian Cemetery Stumble Across Astonishing Find Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/catacombs-full-mummies-uncovered-massive-eegyptian-necropolis/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Highway Safety: Improved Monitoring and Oversight of Traffic Safety Data Program Are Needed; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2004;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Payne, L.G. The Experience of Caring for Women with Drug or Alcohol Problems in the General Hospital. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University: Boca Raton, FL, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tommasini, A. The Puppets Pull the Heartstrings in This Tale. New York Times 2016, C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Med.
ISSN (online)	2077-0383
Scope