How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benedetti-Cecchi, L. Variance in Ecological Consumer-Resource Interactions. Nature 2000, 407, 370–374.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cobey, S.; Lipsitch, M. Niche and Neutral Effects of Acquired Immunity Permit Coexistence of Pneumococcal Serotypes. Science 2012, 335, 1376–1380.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thakur, G.; Prashanthi, K.; Thundat, T. Directed Self-Assembly of Proteins into Discrete Radial Patterns. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1923.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Prevedel, R.; Walther, P.; Tiefenbacher, F.; Böhi, P.; Kaltenbaek, R.; Jennewein, T.; Zeilinger, A. High-Speed Linear Optics Quantum Computing Using Active Feed-Forward. Nature 2007, 445, 65–69.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Beaumont, W.R.C. Electricity in Fish Research and Management; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2016; ISBN 9781118935545.

An edited book

Riverbank Filtration Hydrology: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Riverbank Filtration Hydrology Bratislava, Slovakia September 2004; Hubbs, S.A., Ed.; Nato Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2006; Vol. 60; ISBN 9781402039362.

A chapter in an edited book

Bauer, M. Strategies to Prevent SiRNA-Triggered Cellular Toxicity. In RNA Technologies and Their Applications; Erdmann, V.A., Barciszewski, J., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010; pp. 93–106 ISBN 9783642121678.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Blog post

Davis, J. Bonobos Found To Craft Tools As Complex As Chimpanzees Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bonobos-found-to-craft-tools-as-complex-as-chimpanzees/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office B-2 Bomber: Initial Flight Tests; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1990;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mihalcin, D. A Comparison of the Children’s Functional Assessment Rating Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist Used in a Wraparound Program. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University: Minneapolis, MN, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. After Battle of Strategy, Two Managers Are Satisfied With Their Moves. New York Times 2016, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Med.
ISSN (online)	2077-0383
Scope