How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan H. Current role suggests the shape of future work opportunities. Nature. 2001 Feb 15;409(6822):963–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Geschwind DH, Flint J. Genetics and genomics of psychiatric disease. Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1489–94.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xiong Q, Znamenskiy P, Zador AM. Selective corticostriatal plasticity during acquisition of an auditory discrimination task. Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):348–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Page NM, Woods RJ, Gardiner SM, Lomthaisong K, Gladwell RT, Butlin DJ, et al. Excessive placental secretion of neurokinin B during the third trimester causes pre-eclampsia. Nature. 2000 Jun 15;405(6788):797–800.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McConnell J. Index of Medical Imaging. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Davidsson E, Jakobsson A, editors. Understanding Interactions at Science Centers and Museums: Approaching Sociocultural Perspectives. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2012. V, 209p.

A chapter in an edited book

Rustad LE. From transient to steady-state response of ecosystems to atmospheric CO2-enrichment and global climate change: conceptual challenges and need for an integrated approach. In: Rozema J, Aerts R, Cornelissen H, editors. Plants and Climate Change. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 43–64. (Tasks for vegetation science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Technique Controls Light Based on Angle [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/new-technique-controls-light-based-angle/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Charter Schools: Oversight Practices in the District of Columbia. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 May. Report No.: GAO-05-490.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee KS. Towards an improved baton technique: The application and modification of conducting gestures drawn from the methods of Rudolf, Green and Saitö for enhanced performance of orchestral interpretations [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Keeping Outsiders Outside. New York Times. 1998 Jun 28;149.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0192-0790
ISSN (online)	1539-2031
Scope	Gastroenterology