How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dickson D. Calls for international biotech panel. Nature. 2000 Feb 24;403(6772):821.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hess O, Tsakmakidis KL. Applied physics. Metamaterials with quantum gain. Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):654–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bilham R, Gaur VK, Molnar P. Earthquakes. Himalayan seismic hazard. Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1442–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mudelsee M, Börngen M, Tetzlaff G, Grünewald U. No upward trends in the occurrence of extreme floods in central Europe. Nature. 2003 Sep 11;425(6954):166–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Joglekar AM. Industrial Statistics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Chan EKL, Fritzler MJ, editors. Ten Years of Progress in GW/P Body Research. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. XII, 276 p. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; vol. 768).

A chapter in an edited book

Allen TR. HIGH DOSE RADIATION EFFECTS IN STEELS. In: Sickafus KE, Kotomin EA, Uberuaga BP, editors. Radiation Effects in Solids. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 99–121. (NATO Science Series).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Hale T. These 3D-Printing Spider Robots Could Be The Future Of Construction. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of the Beach Act of 2000: EPA and States Have Made Progress, but Additional Actions Could Improve Public Health Protection. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007 Jun. Report No.: GAO-07-1043T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Curtis KJ. Mozambican national anthems: Memory, performance, and nation-building [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hussey K. Troubling Text Before a Couple Vanished in Connecticut: ‘Did You Hurt Mom?’ New York Times. 2015 Sep 25;A33.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0192-0790
ISSN (online)	1539-2031
Scope	Gastroenterology