How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Young KD. Microbiology. A flipping cell wall ferry. Science. 2014;345:139–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Du L, Poovaiah BW. Ca2+/calmodulin is critical for brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant growth. Nature. 2005;437:741–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Buck WR, Lavier LL, Poliakov ANB. Modes of faulting at mid-ocean ridges. Nature. 2005;434:719–23.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ludwig M-G, Vanek M, Guerini D, Gasser JA, Jones CE, Junker U, et al. Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature. 2003;425:93–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Perlmutter DD, Rothstein RL. The Challenge of Climate Change. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

1. Germanakos P. Human-Centred Web Adaptation and Personalization: From Theory to Practice. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yang Z-Z, Song Q-W, He L-N. CO2 Capture with PEG. In: Song Q-W, He L-N, editors. Capture and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide with Polyethylene Glycol. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 41–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Over 50 Wrestlers Are Suing WWE Over Brain Injuries. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/over-50-wrestlers-are-suing-wwe-over-brain-injuries/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Rail Safety: The Federal Railroad Administration Is Better Targeting Safety Risks, but Needs to Assess Results to Determine the Impact of Its Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Evans MD. A Correlational Analysis of Teacher Observation Scores and Student Achievement. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. St. John Kelly E. The Neediest Cases; Chasing Her Dream Through Education. New York Times. 1995;:126.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics
ISSN (print)	2043-9113
Scope