How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Paszkowski J. Epigenetics: The karma of oil palms. Nature. 2015;525:466–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Raymo ME, Huybers P. Unlocking the mysteries of the ice ages. Nature. 2008;451:284–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Yi C, Wei S, Hendrey G. Warming climate extends dryness-controlled areas of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5472.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Schofield L, Hewitt MC, Evans K, Siomos M-A, Seeberger PH. Synthetic GPI as a candidate anti-toxic vaccine in a model of malaria. Nature. 2002;418:785–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Paret D. Flexray and its Applications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Ferreira JJM, Raposo M, Rutten R, Varga A, editors. Cooperation, Clusters, and Knowledge Transfer: Universities and Firms Towards Regional Competitiveness. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Marien H, Steyaert M, Heremans P. A/D Conversion. In: Steyaert M, Heremans P, editors. Analog Organic Electronics: Building Blocks for Organic Smart Sensor Systems on Foil. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 93–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Dragons Have REM Sleep Too. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dragons-have-rem-sleep-too/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Science: Status of the Hubble Space Telescope Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Evans AM. Long-Term Sustainability of Surgical Operational Improvements Post Consultancy: A Multiple Case Study Analysis. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Smale A, Erlanger S. Wary of Trump, Merkel Doubts U.S. Is Solid Ally. New York Times. 2017;:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics
ISSN (print)	2043-9113
Scope